Immune System
The functions of the immune system have been discussed in detail by the preceding paper. It also puts light on the functions of the complement system and various cells of the immune system. Apart from that, it also analyzes the impact of Type 1 Diabetes mellitus on the functioning of the immune system.
The immune system can be defined as a complex network of a number of tissues, organs and cells that work in an integrated manner in order protect the body from the attacks of foreign invaders. These invaders generally include the pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, worms and fungi etcetera and the microbes. ("Understanding the," 2003) The functions of the immune system can be classified as non-specific or general and specific. The non-specific functions of the immune system include the barriers to entry, discharge of protective proteins, phagocytes, use of natural killer cells and the inflammatory reaction of the body. The specific response, on the other hand, includes the use of B cells and T cells. ("Immune system," 2011)
Immunity or immune system responses are also divided into two categories. These categories are determined by the speed and the degree of specificity of the response. These responses are classified as the innate response and the adaptive response. (Parkin & Cohen, 2001)
The Innate Response
The innate response provides the body with immediate defense. This kind of response is present even in the simplest kinds...
The first heart sound is generally longer and lower than the second, producing a heartbeat that sounds like lub-dup, lub-dup, lub-dup. Blood pressure, the pressure exerted on the walls of blood vessels by the flowing blood, also varies during different phases of the cardiac cycle. Blood pressure in the arteries is higher during systole, when the ventricles are contracting, and lower during diastole, as the blood ejected during systole moves
An interesting view of the immune system with particular implications for the current review and collation of information is provided by the field of computer science. The immune system makes many series of continual trade-offs, distributing resources in a way that necessarily leaves certain vulnerabilities in the system as a whole while providing greater comprehensiveness in coverage and protection when necessary (Hofmeyr 1997). This makes the immune system an adaptive
4) II. Peter Senge - the Learning Organization Peter Senge, who describes himself as the "idealistic pragmatist" states that learning organizations are: "...organizations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to see the whole together." (1990: p.3) the learning organization in the view of
Anatomy and Physiology of the Immune System and Respiratory System and Their Associated DisordersThe human body is comprised of multiple important systems that keep people alive, including the immune and respiratory systems. These two systems in particular have received a great deal of attention in recent years due to their vulnerability to infections by the Covid-19 virus (Iwasaki & Wong, 2021), but there are a host of other disorders that
The circulatory or cardiovascular system is responsible for moving nutrients, wastes and gases between body cells, transporting blood across the whole body and battling disease (Circulatory System). Its principal elements are the heart, numerous blood vessels, and blood. The heart forms the circulatory system's core. This 2-sided, 4-chambered pump which distributes blood to various arteries comprises of the right and left ventricles, and right and left atria. The ventricles, situated within
Human Respiratory System The drive to breathe is involuntary and generally automatic, although one can change breathing patterns, and they change when we sleep or are doing different activities. The lungs and respiratory system function to move air 24/7/365 because the body cannot 'store' oxygen that it needs for cellular respiration and energy production. Thus air is constantly flowing in and out of the lungs (Healthline Editorial Team). Respiration, in terms of
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