Immigration Experience From the Dominican Republic
Two sovereign states share the Caribbean island of Santo Domingo: the Dominican Republic occupies two thirds of the island to the east, and Haiti the remaining third to the west. After Cuba, the Dominican Republic is the second largest nation in the Caribbean region, covering more than eighteen square miles and an estimated 10 million people (embassy). Santo Domingo is the nation's capital. Founded in 1486, it was the first permanent colony to be established in the western hemisphere.
In the second half of the twentieth century, the people of the Dominican Republic went through three separate waves of migration. The first two were largely migration of political refugees, and the third was motivated more by economics. The first wave began in 1961 and was prompted by the assassination of the nation's military dictator, General Rafael Trujillo. The ensuing political unrest and fear of military conflict drove great numbers of political leaders and citizens out of the country. A second, but closely related wave began in 1965 when the country entered a civil war. A few months into the conflict, the United States Marine Corp entered Santo Domingo to restore order and help stabilize the political climate. As a result, the United States eased limits on travel making it easier for migrants to obtain visas to enter America. In September 1966, the U.S. intervention ended. The effects of the civil war included ongoing political repression, interruption to education and health services, and skyrocketing unemployment caused the wave of emigrants to continue for over a decade. The third wave began in the early 1980s when inflation and unemployment rose sharply causing an unprecedented level of immigrants. Between 1981 and 1990, legal Dominican immigration rose to 250,000, far exceeding those from Cuba and other Caribbean states, and numbered more than "any other Western Hemisphere national group except migrants from Mexico" (Rumbaut, 2008).
As a result of these three waves, more than 400,000 men, women, and children legally migrated to the United States between 1961 and 1984; and thousands more illegally (Gonzalez, 2001). In 1990, 300,000 Dominicans were known to reside in New York City, one of the largest minority populations in four decades which, additionally, accounts for half of all Dominican...
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