Ethnic Groups
The Hmong are an ethnic group that spans the northern parts of Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Vietnam, Yunnan province of China, Myanmar and Laos. There are currently 226,000 Hmong in the United States, with the greatest concentration being in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area, with over 50,000 (MHS, 2009). Most of the Hmong in the United States have their roots in Laos.
During the 1970s, with the conflict in Southeast Asia, there was conflict in Laos as well, with a rising Communist movement. With the Cold War ongoing, and active conflict in Vietnam having just ended, the United States was engaged in Laos. The Hmong, an ethnic minority in that country, supported the United States in that conflict. When the Communists took over Laos, the Hmong fled, fearing retribution. Many first went to Thailand, but were granted refugee status in the United States in response to their contributions against the Communists. Most were settled in Minnesota, Wisconsin or California (Yau, 2005). Around half of the Hmong in the U.S. today are foreign born, and at this point the second-generation of U.S.-born Hmong is arriving. The latest arrivals came only in 2004, after having lived in limbo as refugees in Southeast Asia for many years, having been driven from their homes (Davey, 2004).
Within these areas, the Hmong would become the predominant Asian community. In California they settled mainly in Fresno, away from other major Asian centers like LA and San Francisco. The Hmong have remained in the places where they were originally settled, and have built up communities there. For older Hmong, transition to the U.S. has been a significant...
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