Imagery in Theodore Roethke's "My Papa's Waltz" A poem's imagery is one of the most effective literary tools an author can use to better communicate the general theme of the poem itself to the reader. Imagery has the ability to transport a reader from a desk in a classroom or a chair in the library and place them in a world of the poet's own choosing. Effective imagery removes the boundaries that so often exist between a poem and its reader who may be struggling to make a connection. Such powerful use of imagery can be seen in Theodore Roethke's poem "My Papa's Waltz," in which Roethke utilizes powerful imagery to place the reader into the young boy's shoes to view his father through his eyes and in a far greater and more complicated context.

Roethke's poem communicates a theme of tension and unspoken abuses that go on within the home in which it takes place. It centers on a young boy and his father, who share a moment together one evening before the boy's bedtime while his mother looks on. However, despite the tender thoughts readers may garner from this basic description, Roethke provides vivid imagery that tells a story much different than this upon undertaking a closer reading. In the opening lines, Roethke paints a picture of a small boy hanging on to his father for dear life as the two waltz around their home. The boy's father has come home drunk and smelling of whiskey, which Roethke writes, "could make a small boy dizzy" (Roethke 2). Despite this fact, the young boy clings to his father with all of his might, alluding to the fact that such moments within their home may not take place very often.

The waltz that Roethke authors is not graceful...

"We romped until the pans / slid from the kitchen shelf" (6-7) can be read to further denote not only the physical sense of disruption that the pair's dancing is bringing into the home, but the more deeply buried sense of calamity that the father portrayed in the poem may bring into the home at other points in time. Roethke notes that the boy's mother is present for the event taking place, and she is visibly displeased. Despite the apparent joy the boy is getting from being made to feel close to his father in a sense far beyond their physical proximity, "mother's countenance / could not unfrown itself" (7-8). Such a reaction from the boy's mother can be viewed as meant to denote a clear unease with her husband's actions. Does her reaction signify an abuse committed by her husband during times previous to this? Does it signify his status as an alcoholic? Roethke's imagery sets these questions up in the minds of his reader in such a way that they continue on looking for clues.
The poem continues "the hand that held my wrist / was battered on one knuckle" (9-10) which can be implied to represent prior physical altercations in the man's life. Whether or not this bruise exists due to the man's physical abuse of his wife or son, because of a bar fight, or due to other aspects of his rough life remains to be answered, but the context of the poem thus far leads the reader closely to align with one of the former reasons. The following lines describe an image of physical discomfort from the boy despite the emotional comfort he…