Exceptional Learners
Introduction
Special education is defined as specially designed instruction that meets the unique needs of an exceptional learner, who might require special materials, teaching techniques, equipment, and/or facilities (Hallahan et al., 2022). This definition indicates that the goal of special education is to capitalize on the abilities of students with disabilities and to provide them with an education tailored to their needs. The field of special education has changed significantly over the years from a period where education for children with disabilities was non-existent to today where laws are in place to help make sure all children, regardless of disability, receive a free, appropriate public education (FAPE)??. This paper provides some background on special education, including legal context, and expectations for educators.
Part 1: Baseline Knowledge
The legal framework surrounding special education in the United States has been shaped both by legislation and litigation. Notably, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was a landmark piece of legislation focusing on giving FAPE to students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment (LRE). LRE mandates that students should not be removed from regular education settings unless their disability requires it, promoting inclusion and integration into general education settings as much as possible (Kauffman et al., 2023). This legal backdrop is crucial in understanding the rights of exceptional learners and the responsibilities of educational institutions??.
The prevalence of exceptional learners in the educational system underscores the importance of accurate identification and appropriate service provision. As of the latest figures, over 6.3 million students between the ages of 6 and 21 receive special education services, representing about 9.5% of the student population (Arundel, 2021). This statistic reveals just how many students identified as having exceptional learning needs and why special education is so important.
Service delivery models in special education range from full inclusion in general education classrooms to more segregated settings for students with profound needs (Hallahan et al., 2022). The decision on the most appropriate setting considers the severity of the disability and the individual needs of the student with respect to LRE. This approach reflects the field's commitment to individualized education programs (IEPs) and the belief that education should be as inclusive as possible without compromising the quality of education each student receives????. The IEP is a personalized document that outlines the specific educational goals and services for a student with disabilities. It is developed through a collaborative process involving educators, special education professionals, the student, and their family, and is regularly reviewed and updated to reflect the student's progress and changing needs. Hallahan et al. (2022) show that the IEP helps make sure that education is always tailored to the student's unique profile??.
To get to that stage, however, the process of identifying exceptional learners is a first step. This involves conducting an assessment that looks to understand the learner's cognitive, social, and emotional needs. Hallahan et al. (2022) emphasize the importance of having a comprehensive evaluation that integrates various data sources, including psychological assessments, academic testing, and observations from educators and parents. The point is to make sure that the unique strengths and challenges of each student are accurately identified, so as to have a basis for tailored educational strategies????.
The engagement of families is also essential in the education of exceptional learners. Families provide necessary insights into the student's needs, preferences, and life outside of school, and help educators to have a better understanding of the child. On top of this, Hallahan et al. (2022) discuss the significance of multidisciplinary teamscomprising special education teachers, general education teachers, therapists, psychologists, and other professionalsin developing and implementing effective educational plans. This collaborative approach is so...
…(Hallahan et al., 2022).Special educators are also expected to serve as leaders and advocates in the pursuit of inclusive education by working closely with general educators, and giving guidance on differentiating instruction and implementing accommodations. They support a team approach, fostering collaboration among teachers, therapists, administrators, and families to create a unified support system for students with disabilities.
Promoting an inclusive classroom culture where all students feel valued and supported is a fundamental expectation for special educators. They are tasked with ensuring that their classrooms are accessible, engaging, and conducive to learning for students with a wide range of abilities and needs. This includes employing Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles and assistive technologies to enhance accessibility and participation?? (Hallahan et al., 2022).
Special educators are also expected to engage in continuous professional development to stay current with best practices, research findings, and legal requirements in special education. They are committed to ethical practice, respecting the dignity and rights of all students and adhering to professional stndards and guidelines. Lifelong learning and reflection are crucial for adapting to the changing landscape of special education and meeting the needs of their students effectively??.
In conclusion, legal frameworks like IDEA, Section 504, and the ADA have shaped the landscape, ensuring that students with disabilities receive a free, appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment. For all educators, an inclusive mindset, knowledge of laws, differentiation, and collaboration were highlighted as key expectations to foster an equitable educational environment. Special educators, with their specialized knowledge and direct involvement in IEP development and implementation, play a crucial leadership role in advocating for and supporting students with disabilities. Together, these sections underscore the collaborative, dynamic, and committed approach required to meet the diverse needs of exceptional learners, emphasizing the importance of continuous learning, ethical practice, and a collective commitment…
References
Arundel, K. (2021). Why having too many or too few special education students matters.
Retrieved from https://www.k12dive.com/news/why-having-too-many-or-too-few-special-education-students-matters/600659/#:~:text=The%20number%20of%20students%20who%20qualify%20for%20special,2018%2C%20according%20to%20the%20U.S.%20Department%20of%20Education.
Hallahan, D.P., Kauffman, J.M., & Pullen, P.C. (2022). Exceptional Learners: An Introductionto Special Education. Pearson.
Karin, M., & Bollinger, L. (2020). Disability Rights: Past, Present, and Future: A Roadmap forDisability Rights. UDC/DCSL L. Rev., 23, 1.
Kauffman, J. M., Burke, M. D., & Anastasiou, D. (2023). Hard LRE choices in the era ofinclusion: Rights and their implications. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 34(1), 61-72.
Yell, M. L., Couvillon, M. A., & Katsiyannis, A. (2023). Perez v. Sturgis Public School (2017):The Supreme Court Rules on the Special Education Exhaustion Requirement. Intervention in School and Clinic, 10534512231204302.
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