-Provide an example of a hypothesis where a one-tailed hypothesis

test would be used.

An example of a one-tailed test is testing the claim that the mean score of the gender male is higher than the scores of the gender female in public institutions.

-Provide an example of a hypothesis where a two-tailed hypothesis

test would be used.

An example in this case is testing the claim that the mean scores between the gender male and the female are different in public high schools in the United States.

-If a researcher has set alpha at 0.05 for a two-tailed hypothesis test,

what is the p-value required to reject the null hypothesis?

The null hypothesis is rejected when the p-value is less than or equal to 0.05

-A researcher has set alpha at 0.05. When the researcher analyzes the

data from the experiment using a software program, she obtains a p-

value equal to 0.932. Based on this p-value, should the researcher

reject the null hypothesis or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Please

explain your answer.

The researcher should fail to reject the null hypothesis since the p-value obtained (0.932) is greater than the alpha level 0.05.

-A researcher has set alpha at 0.01. When the researcher analyzes the

data from the experiment using a software program, he obtains a p-

value equal to 0.04. Based on this p-value, should the researcher

reject the null hypothesis or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Please

explain your answer.

The researcher should fail to reject the null hypothesis since the p-value obtained (0.04) is greater than the alpha level 0.01.

-A researcher is interested in whether music played during an exam will

improve exam performance. Students in one class listen to music

during an exam and students in another class take the exam in silence.

The researcher set alpha at 0.05. Test scores for both classes are

compared using a statistical software program. The mean test score

for the class that listened to music during the exam is 95, while the

mean test score for the class that took the exam in silence is 82. The

obtained p-value from the independent groups t-test is 0.02. Be sure

to answer the following questions:

=State the null and alternative hypothesis.

Null hypothesis (H0): the mean test score of the class taking the exam while listening to music is less than or equal to the mean score of the class taking the exam in silence (µ1?µ2)

The alternative hypothesis (H1): the mean test score of the class taking the exam while listening to music is higher than the mean score of the class taking the exam in silence (µ1?µ2)

=Determine if this is a directional or non-directional test. Please

explain your answer.

Directional hypothesis. It is directional since the test is a one-tailed test - it tests the improvement of the scores and not whether the mean score is different.

=Establish the conclusion of this study based on the p-value and

the means provided.

Since the p-value (0.02) is less than the alpha level (0.05), the null hypothesis is rejected and we conclude that music played during an exam will not improve exam performance.

=Describe the Type I error for this study.

Type I error occurs when a true null hypothesis is rejected. In this scenario, the error would be caused if we reject the null hypothesis that the mean test score of the class taking the exam while listening to music is less than or equal to the mean score of the class taking the exam in silence when indeed it is true.

=Describe the Type II error for this study.

Type II error is failing to reject a false null hypothesis. In this scenario, the error would be caused when we accept the null hypothesis that the mean test score of the class taking the exam while listening to music is less than or equal to the mean score of the class taking the exam in silence when indeed it is false.