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Hypertension And Its Impact On U S Population Term Paper

HYPERTENSION AND IMPACT ON US

Hypertension and Its Potential Significant Impact on U.S. Population

Thomas Fuller, an English churchman, and historian, said: "Health is not valued till sickness comes." Hypertension is one of the most life-threatening diseases in the U.S., which is present in almost one out of four adults. Almost half of the U.S. deaths were primarily because of hypertension in the year 2017 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020a). This paper is aimed at analyzing the historical development of this issue, evaluation of roles of public health organizations in dealing with the issue, demonstration of understanding of the epidemiology of hypertension, identifying determinants of health in terms of this problem, examining the concepts of prevention and its future implications. Each section would be discussed in detail in light of the authentic sources.

Description and Analysis of Public Health In Light Of the Issue

Hypertension or high blood pressure- what is its historical background? Hypertension was considered a disease in official clinical terms when its first measurement machine was invented called a "sphygmographic" device (Kotchen, 2011). Some initial cases of high blood pressure were reported by U.S. medical insurance companies in 1906. With the help of this device, it was verified that the persistence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was there. Standardized conditions were developed for the measurement of blood pressure by the year 1918; however, between 1925 and 1979, the Actuarial Society of America noted some factors related to hypertension in the U.S. population that needed to be studied closely. There was an age-related increase in hypertension since the study in 1925 showed that at younger ages, women had lower blood pressure as compared to men. The pulse pressure was found to be increasing in both genders with age. There was another interesting finding that mentioned the increase of blood pressure with the increase in the body size of men and their average weight. As the data was limited, the results came out to be the same for women. In further years to come, studies were based on better measurements of blood pressure, and better results were obtained. In a 1939's report, systolic blood pressure was predicted to be a greater reason for deaths among individuals aging more than 40 years as compared to diastolic blood pressure. The studies conducted in 1959 again came consistent with the previous researches that blood pressures are on the increase with the increase in age and weight of both genders. It was also made clear with the help of this research that mortality was higher with higher blood pressure. Women aging more than 40 years had higher hypotension rates but lower mortality rates. In subsequent studies of the year, 1979 stated that mortality with overweight aspects among men was the borderline for hypertensive men.

Further, excessive mortality also resulted from hypertension due to ailments like coronary disease, cerebral hemorrhage, kidney, and heart disease. These studies increased with time so that other factors could be taken into consideration, such as ethnicity and racial groups. It was confirmed that if blood pressure is detected among children, then it is more likely to maintain through adolescent and adult years. In 1993, more than 350,000 men participated in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial, which showed that 120mm Hg of systolic blood pressure had a great influence on coronary heart disease and end-stage renal disease. These conclusions were confirmed with the study in 2001 when it was evident that excess deaths were due to high blood pressure or even with stage 1 hypertension in men.

An important achievement in this issue's history is the success of pharmacological treatment of...

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…major approaches to the prevention of hypertension that have been repeatedly mentioned in this paper would be focused on, such as non-adherence to tobacco and alcohol, sticking to a healthy diet, and increasing physical activity. Health information technology would define new boundaries for the control of this disease globally since the delivery of healthcare through video calls, apps, and instant messaging would be beneficial for the patients needing prompt help in emergency times. Telehealth would be valuable as electronic health records of the patients and registries would give a clear idea to the health professionals and would support in proper monitoring of the hypertension sufferers.

Also, in the future, various strategies might be adopted to measure non-adherence, and confronting such situations would become easier. Indirect assessment methods would comprise of self-reporting, questionnaires, diaries, interviews, pill countings, manual and electronic gauging, and prescription registries; direct assessments would encompass observing therapy and therapeutic drug monitoring (Lackland et al., 2019). Automated blood pressure devices with distant data communication have been proved useful in certain clinical practices but not have been in wide use. They should be made standard in all hypertension medical care units worldwide (Dzau & Balatbat, 2019). Improvements in easy measurement and monitoring of blood pressure are obligatory for proper control and prevention of this disease, and in the future, this area needs serious attention. Cuffless blood pressure measurement should be done correctly since the traditional method is time-consuming. The digital devices are easy-to-use and accurate measurement tools for quick detection and would help identify associated risks as well. Smartwatches have been introduced in countries like Honk Kong and the United Kingdom; they soon should be spread globally for precise estimations of blood pressure for global prevention. The combination of advancements of genomics and other omics might prove promising in the future as…

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References

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