Human Figure Drawing
Testing has become an integral part of psychological theory and practice. Rooted in historical perspectives and heated conversation of principles, wagering purpose and ethics, it involves the statistical conceptualizations of psychometrics and the connection of the validity of a test to the reality of a person. The field of psychological testing is characterized by the use of small samples to apply larger generalizations to a specific individual; samples of behavioral trends combine with observations over a limited time in which performance of prescribed tasks is compared to a the pre-studied responses of members of a norm group. These responses, compiled and analyzed before compared to the studied individual, are often crafted into statistical tables that allow the evaluator to compare the behavior of the specific person to the range of responses given by the norm group and make appropriate personality discussions therein. A common type of psychological testing both valid and reliable is the figure drawing test, in which an individual's personality and its characteristics are examined by his or her ability to draw a human figure.
The human figure drawing test is an example of clinical interpretation and assessment of cognitive impairment and characteristics. It is the eighth most commonly used psychological test, according to the Journal of Personality Assessment.
In its most general form, it is intended for individuals with a minimum of fifteen years of age; while different ages have varied corresponding analysis, children of fifteen are more readily associated with the elder peers in cognition than their younger counterparts. Each drawing takes between five and ten minutes to complete.
To accurately administer the test, the examiner needs a stopwatch to accurately time the examinee's response, a pen or pencil for recording the responses in form, a black pen or marker for use in the regimented response booklets, and a set of at least five colored markers for the examinee to use during the administration of the test.
Examiners compare the figures drawn by those examined to a steady mark of what the norm group, with average intelligence and no serious behavioral disorder, is known to exhibit. The examination of the drawings consists of physical relations; each ordinate of the drawing is an important construction of the personality analysis. In a wide test in Georgia, seriously emotionally disturbed or seriously behaviorally disturbed individuals were waged against the norm group for examination.
The heights of the human drawings and the abscissa of human figure drawings (distance from the left side of the page) compared with the Bender-Gestalt test, known disorders, and the norm group to accurately indicate the personality disorders of those examined.
The test triggers construction, memory, recall, and visual-motor organization skills. The projective technique assesses both personality and levels of intelligence when gauged for appropriate analysis, making the human figure drawing test an interesting and multi-faceted tool for psychological analysis. Because the examinee is required to draw a person of either sex then draw another of the other sex, the figures project the examinee's feelings and perception of body images. This is a useful mechanism for emotional registry in adults, as well as a means of understanding cognitive development in younger children.
The human figure drawing test is particularly important in the analysis of developing personalities and is as a result most commonly used with young children. "Human figure drawings are related with cognitive development in children. As cognitive skills progress, drawing abilities also improve in details and sex differentiation."
In children, the growing personality is directly correlated with the child's exhibition of intelligence; using the drawing test to score human figure drawing with separate norms for males and females provides for an accurate analysis of children in both their personality and proclivity for intelligence.
In a case study examining the validity and reliability of the exam in children, the human figure drawing test was administered to 528 children who had attended the Child and Adolescent Unit at Child Health...
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