Art
Since the Greek kouros, sculpture has depended on at least a basic understanding of human anatomy. Anatomy was in fact studied by ancient civilizations independently of its relevance to rendering the human body in two dimensions or three for art. The fusion of anatomy and art reached its first peak during the Renaissance, when artists in Europe longed to deepen their technique and enhance the realism of their human forms and figures. Some artists went so far as to paint anatomy lessons in a display of dramatic irony that brings the viewer face-to-face with the reality that art depends on a solid understanding of the human body. In the middle of the seventeenth century, Dutch master Rembrandt van Rijn painted "The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicholas Tulp," which depicts the titular doctor and his cadre of students with a corpse. Dr. Tulp uses a pair of scissors to slice into the musculature of the dead man's arm, and several students look on intently:
Part of the reason for the increased interest in anatomy was to improve the quality of art, but there was more to it than that. As religious fundamentalism fell out of favor, science rose to the fore as the prime means of gaining truth and understanding reality. With the shift toward science, the human body was wrested from the province of religion and placed firmly into the hands of the people. Artists and scientists both cultivated deep respect and admiration for the human body, as can be witnessed on the faces of the men in Rembrandt's painting. "As technology advanced, both scientists and artists explored the body as a site of knowledge and beauty, turning the most familiar of territories into a strange and complex enigma," (Frank 1). Aesthetics and "theological understanding" were fused with common medical illustrations ("Historical Perspectives on Art and Anatomy"). Prior to the Renaissance, looking at and studying the human body in the kind of detail exhibited in the Rembrandt painting was practically taboo. Knowledge about the human body was considered esoteric. After the Renaissance, artists were liberated to explore the infinite detail of the body and used this knowledge to improve renditions of the body in three and two-dimensional forms. Michelangelo and DaVinci undertook anatomy studies but even during the Renaissance, opportunities for dissection were...
Cominto the interstitial fluid of the cortex and only then are diffused into the blood) (faculty.stcc.edu); 5) cortical collecting duct (this is a series of ducts and tubular that link nephrons to the ureters); 6) distal convoluted tubule -- DCT (this is the convoluted section of the nephron that lays between the "loop of Henle" and the "nonsecretory portion of the nephron; the DCT is mainly involved with the urine
Anatomy Major cavities of the body and their organs: Our body is made up of solid structures and many cavities. The organs are packed in these cavities and they fill these cavities. The major cavities in our body are: the ventral cavity, which is surrounded by the rib cage and the abdominal musculature and dorsal cavity, which is surrounded by the bones of the skull and vertebral column. (Introduction / Terminology) Significance and
However, all muscles are ultimately controlled by the central nervous system. Because the muscles are attached to the skeleton, all skeletal movements can be traced back to the central nervous system. The integumentary system is one of the body's primary interfaces with the outside world. Together with the sensory system, the integumentary system interact with the central nervous system by communicating its inputs. 3. Homeostasis is the body's state of
Even though the heart works harder, blockages still shortchange the needed blood supply to all areas of the body. Kidney disorders, which leave extra fluids, sodium, and toxins in the body, obesity, diabetes, birth control pills, pregnancy, smoking, excess alcohol, stress, and thyroid and adrenal gland problems can also cause and exacerbate a high blood pressure condition. Proper ranges of cholesterol are also important in the prevention of heart attack
REFERENCES Eimas, R. "The Great Anatomy of Paolo Mascagni. University of Iowa Special Collections. April, 1963. Retrieved from: http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/spec-coll/Bai/eimas.htm Goldfinger, E. Human Anatomy for Artists: The Elements of Form. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Heckscher, W.S. Rembrandt's Anatomy of Dr. Nicolaas Tulp: An Icolonological Study. Albany: University of New York Press, 1958. Iipma, F., et.al. "The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt (1632): A Comparison of the Painting With a Dissected Left
Anatomy & Physiology 101 The Peripheral Nervous System It is difficult to decide the importance of one set of senses over another, because consequentially, each of the senses enables the working of another or two of the senses. Seeing, hearing, smelling, feeling, and tasting are all somehow connected to each other; without one of the five, a particular system also becomes lacking in the sense department. That said, because of the importance
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