The organization mainly focused on analyzing the history of the construction of the building by examining its two main sections, floors, and walls.
Cause of the Collapse:
Following its extensive and detailed investigations, Walter J. Hickey Associates, Inc. presented a report on the possible cause for the collapse of the hotel. After making computations, it was discovered that the load on the cast iron column from the dead load alone was approximately 200,000 pounds in consideration of a minimal allowance for the corbelling action. However, a study revealed that the arching or corbelling effect of the C-Line Wall was only of slight importance. Due to the load, the bearing stress on the wall was estimated at around 7 to 8 times the permissible stress for a wall of good grade brick that has a good line cement mortar ("Investigation of Collapse," p. 45).
While the bearing stress at the opening side was already high, it was greatly intensified and getting to a critical stage as the opening for the air intake duct occurred through the wall. Notably, the computerization of the stresses didn't include the consideration of any live load. The addition of even a minor live load or small moving load could result in or trigger the possible failure through crushing of the masonry in the opening side area. This would in turn cause the column base plate to tilt, column displacement, and the total loss of support. The possible loss of support could be caused by the same effect because of the weakening of mortar following saturation with water. Nonetheless, this is possible in the case of lime cement mortar and saturated situation in the wall.
The investigation into the collapse of the building concluded that the incident started after the loss of support by the 7-inch meter diameter column. This resulted in the failure of the third to fifth story masonry walls along the C-Line. The joists along the a-line and E-Line were pulled from the wall pockets as the floor sections along the C-Line lost support. In contrast, the floors...
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