HIV Infection
A medical condition in which the immune system is destroyed by a virus called as Human Immune Deficiency Virus is known as HIV infection. The loss of immune function deteriorates the ability of the body to fight against various types of pathogenic infections (caused by harmful micro-organisms) (Quinn). The virus attacks the immune cells of the body which are basically the white blood cells (CD4 T cells) due to which the white blood count of the body infected with the virus is reduced to a great extent. Increased reduction of CD4 cells leads to progression of HIV infection to AIDS (Cunningham et al.).
The diagnosis history of HIV dates back to 1981 when a few homosexual individuals in Los Angeles and New York were caught. These individuals represented clinical phenotype of pneumonia (lung infection) and skin cancers. Furthermore, there was a marked reduction of the CD4 cells (white blood cells) in their blood. It was discovered that HIV is a mutated (changed) form of an African monkey virus. Due to the presence of related viruses in the African monkeys and huge resemblance with HIV, it has been suggested that Central Africa would be the site of HIV evolution (Daar).
Epidemiology
Presently, HIV infection is a disease that is highly demographically diverse and all ages, sexes and ethnic groups are affected by it. About 50, 000 new HIV infections are added annually. However, one-fifth of individuals with such infection are not aware that they are infected and still higher population of individuals who is aware of the disease does not consider HIV management (Moore)....
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