HIV Nursing
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus (actually a lentivirus) that eventually causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; World Health Organization [WHO], 2014). There are two subtypes of the HIV virus: HIV -- 1 in HIV -- 2 (the agent in the epidemiological triangle). Both are transmitted to the host (humans) via the exchange of bodily fluids such as by sexual contact, rectal contact, blood, or breast milk (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2014). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the biggest risk factor associated with acquiring HIV is unprotected sex (WHO, 2014). Thus, the environment in the epidemiological triangle consists of these human bodily fluids and incubation period lasts from three to six months (Hiv & Long, 2012).
The WHO reports that 85% of HIV transmission occurs through heterosexual intercourse on a global basis and that the other major modes of transmission of the HIV virus are male -- to male sexual contact, intravenous drug use (WHO, 2014). HIV occurring in children is often the result of having an infected mother (WHO, 2014). Thus, the majority of new cases of HIV could be prevented by practicing safe sex and/or using sterile needles.
According to the CDC in 2011 it was estimated that slightly over 1,148,000 adults and adolescent individuals (age 13 and over) were infected with the HIV virus in the United States, with an incidence of approximately 50,000 persons a year (CDC, 2014). The mortality rate is estimated at 2.7 deaths per hundred thousand people (CDC, 2014).
HIV infects cells in the human immune system, particularly CD4+ T cells, as well as dendritic cells and macrophages. The infection results in low levels of these immune cells via several mechanisms such as direct viral destruction of infected cells, CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes attacking affected cells, and apoptosis of unaffected bystander cells (Hiv & Long, 2012). When the levels of CD4+ cells falls below a critical level the host's cell -- mediated immunity is lost and the individual becomes susceptible to a number of infections that can lead to fatal...
It was based on good practices within homes and outside to the general community. The field test revealed that this model is a useful managerial tool to assist home-based health care volunteer in strengthening their existing community health services and within peoples. Monitoring and Evaluation of Goal Monitoring and Evaluation mechanism were put in place to ensure that activities carried out are in line with the plan. and, to ensure that
HIV / AIDS on African-American Community in U.S. Certain diseases occur more frequently within certain communities or ethnic groups. In part, this can be connected to genetics, heritage, environment, or the habits of a given cultural or ethnic group. This phenomenon is no different with HIV / AIDS, an illness which has been aggravated in the African-American community. HIV stands for the human immunodeficiency virus, a virus which can eventually
communicable disease for discussion is HIV. HIV is the precursor to AIDS and is a virus with possible origins within the monkeys and chimp population of Africa. Some humans in certain areas of Africa ate these animals and may have been exposed to the virus where it transformed into aids. Because of HIV's ability to destroy CD4 cells, a particular kind of white blood cell, which plays a big
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Description of the communicable disease Infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has become a global epidemic. It causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The major causal sources of this communicable disease are through semen, blood, breast milk of infected mothers, and vaginal fluid. In addition, the virus can be found in sweat, saliva, and also tears; however, in the latter cases, generally not in sufficient amounts
Community Analysis: Columbus, Ohio - Hilltop Area/Franklinton Identification and History The Franklinton/Hilltop area of Columbus, Ohio is located on the west side of the greater metropolitan area. Franklinton is in a river valley next to the Scioto River and the Hilltop area is just west of that on a rise. The Hilltop area is defined as the area between I-70 on the north, the B & O. railway to the east and
The subjects were adolescents 14-18 years old. They were recruited from schools and health clinics. The subjects completed an in-depth survey and interview at baseline and again 6 months later. The subsequent analyses were limited to adolescents with steady partners who reported sexual activity between the baseline and 6-month follow-up assessment periods (N = 179). At baseline, five-scale measures and a single-item measure were used to assess predictive constructs,
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