The group has continued to experience severe backlash after these attacks since many Americans consider Middle Easterners and Muslims as the major threat to national security. The backlash has been fueled by the treatment of the attack as terrorism by the United States government. While it's still debatable whether the 9/11 incident was an act of terrorism, the Bush Administration effectively treated it as such. Therefore, the Administration instituted war on terror in attempts to fight global terrorism and enhance homeland security. The war on terror is not only conducted internationally but also domestically (Bakalian & Bozorgmehr, 2009, p.33).
The war on terror can be considered as the major reason for the backlash that Middle Easterners and Muslim Americans have experienced because the United States has mainly targeted the Islamic world and Middle Easterners in their efforts to fight terrorism and enhance national security. This is evident in the fact that the United States invaded Afghanistan and Iraq as part of war on terrorism though these attacks did not yield much result in the fight against global terrorism. Furthermore, most of the individuals arrested within the American society in the war on terror are Muslims and Middle Easterners. These initiatives have contributed to the increased consideration that Middle Easterners and Muslim communities are the main perpetrators of terrorism acts. Consequently, the increased view of Middle Easterners and Muslim communities as major perpetrators of terrorism has continued to increase the severity of the backlash after the 9/11 attacks.
Muslims have particularly faced severe backlash despite of the consideration of the religion as an integral part of the American society. Muslims have continued to proactive their religion openly in the United States and sustained their traditions and cultures based on the ideals of American pluralism. However, together with Middle Easterners, Muslims have experienced severe backlash leashed against them after 9/11 terror attacks. The actual extent of the backlash may not be noticeable because these people have used legal, institutional, and cultural American strategies to fight against the backlash and prove their determination to be part of this society. Nonetheless, there has been an increase in cases of anti-Muslim hare crimes, violent assault, and arson throughout the country since the 9/11 attacks (Poros, 2009, p.334).
Research Methodology:
The second shortcoming of the book is the research methodology that has been used to gather information on the topic. The authors...
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