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History Of Prostitution "There Hasn't Term Paper

Mustang Brothel was shut down because of tax evasion. Pimps are simply not going to hand over the massive profits that they make from the business of sexual exploitation. MYTH: Prostitution is ugly, but we have to do something to make it a little better.

Legalization is better than nothing at all.

FACT: Prostitution can't be made "a little better" anymore than domestic violence can be made "a little better." Women in prostitution tell us clearly: they want the same options in life that others have: a decent job, safe housing, medical care and psychological counseling. They deserve that, not just an HIV test to make sure that they are "clean meat" for johns or a union to ensure that they get an extra dollar or two for being paid to be sexually harassed, sexually exploited and often raped.

MYTH: Legal prostitution is a progressive solution to an age-old problem.

FACT: A progressive law promotes women's equality, not women's prostitution.... A 1999 Swedish law describes prostitution as a human rights violation against women. Understanding the massive social and legal power difference in the prostitution transaction, Sweden arrests johns but not the women in prostitution. Trafficking and prostitution have plummeted in Sweden since the law was introduced....Women in prostitution do not want to be in the brothels: 81% of the women in the Nevada legal brothels urgently want to escape prostitution

Considerations

Brown et al. (2003) argues that women who frequently "share histories of abuse, violence, residential instability, racism, and discrimination." Most individuals became involved prostitutions as a means of survival. Along with a lack of formal educational or job experience, these recurring combined experiences, contribute to economic insecurity. (Brown et al., 2003) Prostitution not only scars and marks victims, it "marks" one of the more common "revolving door" offenses routinely occurring in many major metropolitan areas. Even though the behavior rarely reaches the felony level, Nelson (2004) argues that dealing with prostitution presents one of the more perplexing challenges within the criminal justice system. Using an earlier landmark study on criminal justice costs for prostitution, Nelson (2004) reports estimated 2001 costs in Chicago for each prostitution arrest was $1,554, with $9,089,252 estimated to be the legal system total.

In a 1994 study of health consequences of prostitution, it was found that women engaged in a variety of prostitution activities, including at strip clubs, in the street, at crack houses and through escort services. The study also found that prostitution had a profound impact on the women's personal health and that of their children. (Parriott, 1994, cited by Nelson, 2004). There also are the added burdens to welfare, child welfare, and neighborhoods and communities, which experience more costs and deterioration in quality of life. (Nelson, 2004)

Commercial sexual exploitation of minors by international tourists, Andrews (2004) notes, is one particularly disturbing aspect of prostitution.

Tourism, one of the largest, most lucrative global industries, and the sex industry mutually reinforce each other with some vacationers paying for sex with a male or female in their destination country. Every year, foreign travelers from predominantly Western countries, including the U.S., spend billions of dollars to purchase sexual services. This usually illegal practice, referred to as "sex tourism," has become widely acknowledged. (Andrews, 2004) Prostitution of children in developing countries, Andrews (2004) reports, continues to rise basically due to the increase in the number of foreign tourists. Some individuals contend the U.S. is one of the "sending" countries contributing to the market flourishing because of more wealthy and willing and customers. As the U.S. recognizes and understands more about the problem of prostitution regarding children, it also needs to establish more laws to counter international child prostitution. President Bill Clinton signed one such law, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, also known as the Crime Bill. This Bill states it constitutes "a criminal offence to travel abroad for the purpose of engaging in sexual activity with a minor." (Andrews, 2004)

No country, including the U.S., Matthews (2005) argues, is immune from the drama and tragedy of international child sex trafficking for prostitution. "Ling was thirteen years old and living in Burma when her family sold her to a neighbor under the guise of becoming a domestic worker in another country.

The neighbor transported Ling to the Thailand border where she crossed into more than a new country -- she walked into a terrifying new life.

Her captors took her to a brothel and forced her to have sex up to ten times per day, primarily with clients traveling from wealthy countries where such activities...

legislation designed to curb sexual abuse of children.
Due to this strong new legislation and Cambodia's willingness to cooperate with U.S. law enforcement, the Cambodian victims may see punishment meted out, unlike the young girl in Burma. 9) Due to this strong new legislation and Cambodia's willingness to cooperate with U.S. law enforcement, the Cambodian victims may see punishment meted out, unlike the young girl in Burma.

Sexual exploitation and trafficking in children is a growing affront on human dignity that has gained greater international attention in recent years.

Trafficking in persons is one of the most rapidly growing transnational criminal enterprises, with child prostitution skyrocketing despite legislation designed to prevent and control the illegal activity.

In response, countries must pool their efforts and unify in the fight against the international trafficking trade -- both in those where children are forced into prostitution, as well as those providing a market for such trade.

Much legislation has been passed in response to this problem.

To date, this legislation has been "all bark and no bite," professing the importance of ending trafficking, but lacking the necessary force to impact this insidious crime.

Despite slight efforts by the United States and the international community, the system has not worked to protect children.

A multinational response with international coordination of law enforcement is required to thwart the enormous problem of trafficking.

The United States is not immune to the atrocities of sex trafficking in children. (Matthews, 2005)

Steps Away From Prostitution Taking steps to help reduce prostitution of children in developing countries, however, requires more than the U.S., taking steps to help reduce the problem. It also needs other countries to join forces with each other and the U.S. To do whatever needs to be done. On April 30, 2003, President Bush signed the Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to End the Exploitation of Children Today Act (the "PROTECT Act"). This law significantly improved the United States government's ability to pursue American citizens and resident aliens who commit sexual crimes against children outside of United States territory. (Messigian, 2006)

Counters to "the World's Oldest Profession" as time has passed, Saban (2006) reports, the prostitutes' lot constantly shifted, as "whores and harlots have been elevated, abused, exploited and commodified sic)." Prostitution, nevertheless continues to constitute a "resilient profession that has defeated all attempts to suppress and control it." A current concern noted by several sex workers Saban (2006) interviewed questions if in the age of the internet and the cyber-hooker, the profession can ever be kept under check. A "John School," considered a success in combating prostitution, reported in the Washington Times, constitutes one current counter being implemented to try to check prostitution, also known as "the world's oldest profession." "Only one of the more than 500 men who have taken the District's 2-year-old anti-prostitution course has been arrested again for solicitation. 'I think it's certainly fair to say [the program is] a resounding success,' said Anthony Asuncion, chief of the misdemeanor section of the U.S. Attorney's Office. 'The only big change that has happened in the last two years is we have become very successful.'" ("John School' Called, 2003, p. a" B01)

One male participant of the John School reported: "All parts of the program were appropriate because I found I was responsible for my own actions...." Another man wrote, "They put a scare into me that will have more effect on my future decisions." Yet another participant stated: "the school maybe opened my eyes to what I never thought or expected from my actions." Still another man simply wrote: "I will never do it again."

During 2007, however, despite positive counters such as the John School, the Washington Times reported: "Stopping or at least curbing prostitution is primarily the work of the…

Sources used in this document:
References

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Andrews, S.K. (2004). U.S. Domestic Prosecution of the American International Sex Tourist: Efforts to Protect Children from Sexual Exploitation. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 94(2), 415+. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5008140716

Brown, J., Higgitt, N., Miller, C., Wingert, S., Williams, M., & Morrissette, L. (2006). Challenges Faced by Women Working in the Inner City Sex Trade. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 15(1), 36+. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5018485759

Dalla, R.L. (2000). Exposing the "Pretty Woman" Myth: A Qualitative Examination of the Lives of Female Streetwalking Prostitutes. The Journal of Sex Research, 37(4), 344. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001194870
Edwords, F. (2003, January/February). The Issue at Hand. The Humanist, 63, 1. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002511987
Farley, Melissa, PhD. (2000, April 2). "Prostitution: Factsheet on Human Rights Violations. Prostitution Research & Education. Retrieved January 14, 2008, at http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/factsheet.html
HISTORY TOPICS. Prostittution. (2008) Minnesota Historial Society. Retrieved January 12, 2008, at http://www.mnhs.org/library/tips/history_topics/15prostitution.html
'John School' Called a Success Combating Prostitution. (2003, August 4). The Washington Times, p. B01. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001975805
Lu, H. (2002). Prostitution and Sexuality in Shanghai. A Social History, 1849-1949. Journal of Social History, 36(2), 469+. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000671302
Matthews, S. (2005). International Trafficking in Children: Will New U.S. Legislation Provide an Ending to the Story?. Houston Journal of International Law, 27(3), 649+. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5009817567
Messigian, a. (2006). Love's Labour's Lost: Michael Lewis Clark's Constitutional Challenge of 18 U.S.C. 2423. American Criminal Law Review, 43(3), 1241+. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5015688883
Nelson, W.F. (2004, October). Prostitution: A Community Solution Alternative. Corrections Today, 66, 88+. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5007663900
Parker, Philip M. (2008). INSEAD. Webster's Online Dictionary. Retrieved 15 January 2008 at http://www.websters-dictionary-online.org/definition/prostitution#NonFictUsage http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000626230
Prostitution and Freedom. (2003, Winter). The Wilson Quarterly, 27, 96+. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000626230
Prostitution Prosecutors Seek to Freeze Client Records; Defendant Wants to Sell Files to Pay for Attorney. (2007, March 9). The Washington Times, p. B01. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5019746360
PROSTITUTION ZONES APPROVED: 'Practical Solution' Draws Nearer; Chief Reporter Andy Kelly Watches Councillors in Liverpool Take Another Historic Vote. (2005, January 27). Daily Post (Liverpool, England), p. 6. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5008458787
Saban, Stephen, ed. (2006). "THE WOW Report." World of Wonder Productions. Retrieved January 12, 2008, at http://worldofwonder.net/productions/networks/sky/history_of_prostitution.wow
7.) See Tiefenbrun, supra note 3, at 112-13. A recent undercover news story caught a Cambodian brothel on tape where "new girls" had just arrived from Vietnam. Richard Greenberg, Desperation up Close, at http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4038263(last updated Jan. 23, 2004) (describing his personal impressions from the trip to Cambodia). The youngest was a five-year-old who was sold by her parents for a few hundred dollars. Id. The children were required to pay off the debt of the money given to their families, which could take years. Children for Sale, DATELINE NBC, at http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4038249/(last updated Jan. 9, 2005) (highlighting portions from a Dateline NBC broadcast). The teenagers in the group were tricked into making the journey after being told waitress jobs awaited them in a large tourist city. Greenberg, supra.
11.) See U.S. DEP'T of STATE, TRAFFICKING in PERSONS REPORT 1 (2003) [hereinafter TIP REPORT], available at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/21555.pdf (last visited Apr. 10, 2005); Sally Gillen, Safe Houses Win Support in Battle to Keep Pace with Child Traffickers, CMTY. CARE, Aug. 7, 2003, at 16; see also, Tal Raviv, International Trafficking in Persons: A Focus on Women and Children -- the Current Situation and the Recent International Legal Response, 9 CARDOZO WOMEN'S L.J. 659, 662-64 (2003) (discussing effects of trafficking in women and children); Healy, supra note 1, at 1872-73 (examining the impact of trafficking on victims). Sex trafficking in children has been the focus of several current news specials. DatelineNBC and CNN both recently aired programs illustrating the thriving trafficking industries in Cambodia and Romania. Dateline NBC Special Report: Children for Sale (NBC television broadcast, Jan. 23, 2004); CNN Presents: Easy Prey, Inside the Child Sex Trade (CNN television broadcast, Feb. 15, 2004).
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