¶ … Freedom and Equality in the 20th century
AN UN-ENDING FIGHT
Two Primary Methods against Segregation Policies
The Civil Rights Movement of African-Americans in the United States, also called the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, consisted of mass actions, aimed at ending racial discrimination and segregation against them (Tavaana, 2015). At the same time, it aimed at acquiring legal recognition and federal protection of their rights as citizens, as enshrined in the Constitution and federal law. The Movement was particularly active in the South between 1954 and 1968 (Tavaana).
The two primary methods used by the Movement in pursuing its ends were non-violent protests and civil disobedience (Tavaana, 2015). These and other campaigns were forms of civil resistance. They triggered crises and induced the holding of meaningful talks between them and government authorities. These initiatives were effective in the federal, state, and local levels of government as well as businesses and communities. The initiatives pressured these sectors to immediately respond to each situation. African-Americans took strong advantage of this response to bring out the inequality they suffered from (Tavaana).
These protests and acts of civil disobedience were mostly in the form of litigation and boycotts (Tavaana, 2015). Its initial and inspiring success was its legal victory in the Supreme Court decision in Brown v Board of Education in 1954. This decision was against the separate white and colored school systems. The most popular boycott was the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955-1956, which centered on Rosa Parks, in Alabama. Sit-ins were also successful, such as the Greensboro sit-ins in 1960 in North Carolina. Marches, such as the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 in Alabama, were also notable (Tavaana).
II. Two Catalysts to Modern Civil Rights Movement
One was the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (NPS, 2015). This was a televised mass demonstration against racial violence, the federal policy on desegregation of higher educational institutions, and th passive resistance movement by Blacks in the early 1960s. This led to the second catalyst, the adoption of the landmark legislation, Civil Rights Act of 1964 (NPS).
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is regarded as the most comprehensive legislation of its kind in American history (NPS, 2015). It vested strong enforcement powers on the government in the field of...
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