Heroes of American Labor
In the beginning years of the last century, working conditions were grave, especially for female workers. This is was, in part, because the world still wasn't behind women wanting to work outside of the home. Male unions and employers kept women out of better-paying jobs, forcing them into industries such as garment-making, where sweatshop conditions prevailed, pay was low, and employees had to pay for their cutting and sewing supplies. It seems horrible, it seems impossible today, but it could have been just yesterday.
New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Factory became a target for its known violations to women. But women, including Pauline Newman, were ready to fight back. That winter women and girls in their teens left their cramped and filthy work rooms, and marched to Union Square to protest their poor working conditions at a meeting called by the ILGWU. Pauline Newman, remembering the day, recalled:
"Thousands upon thousands left the factories from every side, all of them walking down toward Union Square. It was November, the cold winter was just around the corner, we had no fur coats to keep warm, and yet there was the spirit that led us out of the cold at least for the time being." (p. 116)
Of 339 shops involved, over 300 settled with the workers. This is because...
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