PICOT Analysis on Chronic Heart Failure
One may describe heart failure (HF) as a complicated medical condition which may arise due to functional or structural cardiac disorders capable of hindering ventricular capability of ejecting or filling blood. Chronic HF (CHF) represents a serious health issue. Its prevalence in America stands at over 5.8 million, while over 23 million individuals across the globe are affected by this problem. The mortality rate linked to HF is 40% in the initial diagnostic year, which reduces to 10% subsequently. Individuals most impacted by the condition lie in the age group of over 65 years. This age group is associated with rather high healthcare costs and high mortality and morbidity rates. HF patients get admitted to hospitals often and their re-hospitalization rates continually increase. In this paper, peer-reviewed articles will be employed for shedding light on the clinical issue, its diagnosis, patient care and the potential positive impact of nurse interventions on HF patient outcomes.
Clinical Problem
HF can surface because of LVSD (left ventricular systolic dysfunction) which largely arises on account of impairment in the left ventricle's contraction. Diagnosed individuals possess a narrowed LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction). HF takes another form: as PEF (preserved ejection fraction) which is characterized by impairment in left ventricle relaxation and preserved or normal LVEF. HF patients may experience dyspnea with recumbency or with exertion. Other associated signs include dependent swelling, early satiety, swift tiredness and cough. HF has been related closely to hypertension, valvular heart disease, myocardial...
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