Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD constitutes a major source of mortality and morbidity across the globe, with a considerable economic effect. New GOLD (Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) guidance modifications refined patient classification for therapy by employing spirometry, exacerbation rate and symptom evaluation combined. Therapy attempts at decreasing both extant disease symptoms and vulnerability to adverse health conditions in the future. On account of their established effectiveness, the class of drugs known as bronchodilators, with their long-lasting effects are considered the backbone of COPD therapy (Tashkin & Ferguson, 2013).
The heterogeneous disease known as COPD may be grouped into a number of diverse "phenotypes". Practicing doctors have, for several years, observed two highly divergent COPD patient subcategories: emphysema patients and chronic bronchitis patients. COPD ought to be accorded orphan status because: 1) it is heterogeneous; 2) Its multiple phenotypes probably represent distinct, fairly uncommon conditions. Long-acting drugs belonging to the class of bronchodilators have been established as the best available medications for COPD thus far (Cazzola, 2015).
Discussion
COPD Pathophysiology
Comprehending COPD's primary pathophysiology will contribute significantly to disease diagnosis and treatment under circumstances wherein novel diagnostic examinations, mechanisms, and medications are rapidly developing. COPD pathophysiology is complex and remains mostly undiscovered. Its pathological effects stimulate a succession of physiological modifications that ultimately affect the patient's quality of life (QOL) and survival, when the disease advances naturally (Brashier & Kodgule, 2012).
Drug Classification and Medication
Drugs capable of increasing FEV1 (forced exhalation volume in one second) or bringing about improvements to other spirometric factors, often by changing the tone of the airways' smooth muscles, are called bronchodilators. Bronchodilator utilization is one among the major elements of COPD therapy. However, quite frequently, it reverses airflow blockage only to a limited extent. Clinicians commonly utilize the following three kinds of bronchodilators: (1) methylxantines, (2) adrenoceptor agonists and (3) anticholinergic medicines. Bronchodilators are prescribed or administered regularly or when required. It has been proven that continuous therapy using bronchodilators that have long-lasting action is easier and more effectual as compared to therapy using short-acting drugs. Bronchodilator combination with diverse pharmacological...
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