Health Policy to Prevent and Manage Diabetes
Health Issue and affected Population
In the United States and other part of the world, the type 2 diabetes have become a major health concern for policy makers and health planners. Although, there are three types of diabetes, however 90% of people diagnosed with diabetes have type 2 diabetes, which is one of the predominant non-communicable diseases. The type 2 diabetes is one of the major public health challenges. While more than 150 million people are suffering from diabetes globally, however it is projected that the case of diabetes can reach 299 million by the year 2025. The type 2 diabetes occurs when there is an underproduction of insulin leading to several health complications such as damages to organs such as kidneys, eyes, heart, nerves and blood vessels. Alternatively, type 2 diabetes occurs when the body is unable to effectively use the insulin. The insulin refers to a hormone that has been secreted from the beta cell used to regulate the blood sugar. Without insulin, the body will not have capacity to effectively absorb glucose, which can consequently lead to a dysfunction of the organs. Several complications that include kidney failure, coronary heart disease, foot ulceration and blindness have been associated with type 2 diabetes, and African-Americans are major ethnic group in the United affected by the type 2 diabetes.
This paper selects African-Americans as the target population because the African-Americans face the high risk of type 2 diabetes in the United States. Typically, more than 13.2% of African-Americans have been diagnosed of type 2 diabetes which are 1.7 times the number of non-Hispanic white suffering from type 2 diabetes. Based on the number of African-Americans suffering from diabetes, more African-Americans are likely to suffer from amputations, kidney disease, and blindness. By paying a greater attention to effective communication, the target population can enhance the health outcomes.
In the United States, large percentages of African-Americans above 40 years of age are generally being affected with type 2 diabetes. Moreover, type 2 diabetes affect large number of overweight and obese people in the United States, and 29.1 million people of the U.S. population have diabetes. (CDC, 2014). Although, lifestyle factors, genetics, and age are the major predictor of type 2 diabetes, however, African-Americans have higher rates of type 2 diabetes in the United States. While type 2 diabetes are more predominant among Native Americans, Asian-Americans and Hispanics, however, African-Americans record higher rates of diabetes prevalence. For example, African-Americans have 13.2% risks of diabetes, 12.8% risks for Hispanics, and 9% risks for Asian-Americans. While type 2 diabetes is rare among children, however, risk of type 2 diabetes increases with age.
The incidence of type 2 diabetes is also on increase globally, and over 382 million people live with diabetes. In the United States, the total medical costs of diabetes are $245 billion in 2012 where the direct medical costs are $176 billion and indirect costs are $69 billion. (CDC, 2014).
Two Scholarly Articles providing Effective Health Advocacy Program Addresses the Issue
Evelyn Chesla & Chun, (2011) argue that health education is the most cost effective strategy to prevent and manage type diabetes. The authors identify communication and persuasive program as an effective tool to deliver health message to people in order to prevent and manage type 2 diabetes. The program is based on five communication protocols:
"(1) the source, (2) the message itself, (3) the audience, (4) the channels, and (5) the destination or desired outcome." Evelyn (Chesla & Chun, 2011 p 68).
The source identifies the TV, and effective mass-media health communication strategy that health professionals can employ to reach large number of people. Moreover, healthcare providers can use health organizations, education/support groups and friends as source of information to people. However, expert opinion are more persuasive than non-expert sources because expert sources are more trustworthy and respected by large number of people.
Evelyn et al.(2011) further point out that messages to change positive health behaviors of people should be able to affect people's knowledge on the impact of diabetes on their health outcomes. Moreover, the persuasive message should emphasize on the social consequences and harmful effects of failing to comply with health message...
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