Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system that digitally creates and manipulates spatial areas. The system stores, edits analyses and shows topographic information that is critical in decision-making. GIS applications enable creation of interactive queries, analysis and editing and then present results. This is beneficial in management of disasters.
Disaster management signifies preparedness involving a chain of measures incorporating disaster prevention, emergency response as well as reconstruction. Many organizations federal, state and non-governmental as well as businesses, public health benefit from GIS technology. Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is actively involved in improving and publicly availing geo-processing specifications using Web Map Service and Web Feature Service protocols. OGC divides GIS products or software into two categories, compliant and implementing products, based on their level of compatibility with OGC specifications, which aid them in communication. In recent times, an explosion of online mapping applications has given the public enormous geographic information. The use of GIS in disaster management involves three stages namely, prevention, emergency response, and recovery and reconstruction.
GIS in Disaster Management
Disaster Preparedness
In disaster prevention, GIS manages the needed information prior to occurrence of a disaster that helps in forward planning and preparedness. Technical organizations investigate available data to predict occurrence of disasters. GIS is able to map and predict instances of calamities such as earthquake, tsunamis and even trail storms using geotechnical information together with previous and other prediction models. Gathering accurate of information on the ground as an emergency unfolds is vital to an effective response. GIS is critical in the quick establishment of full situational awareness by connecting human beings, processes and information together through application of geography. For instance, vulnerable areas to earthquakes can be identified through mapping and analysis of the relationship...
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