, 1378).
Much like other influenza a viruses, the virion of the H5N1 virus is enveloped and is either spherical or filamentous as to its formation and in clinical isolates, the virus has been shown to be more filamentous, while in some laboratory strains, it appears more spherical (Beigel, et al., 1379). As to the genome of the H5N1 virus, this is composed of eight single non-paired RNA strands, containing a code with eleven specific proteins; the overall size is estimated at 13,588 bases (Beigel, et al., 1379). According to Wang and Jiang, the entry of the H5N1 virus into a host cell is mediated by hemagglutinin, "a virus surface glycoprotein that can bind terminal sialic acid residues on host cell glycoproteins and glycolipids (2009, Internet).
In most cases, treatment of the H5N1 influenza virus includes immediate hospitalization in the intensive care unit and being placed on a ventilator, along with possible quarantine in order to prevent the spread of the virus. Also, most infected persons are given some kind of antibiotic drug or antiviral agent, often in combination with corticosteroids. However, some studies suggest that these types of interventions are not that effective and that the only effective method is through some sort of vaccine, such as an early version in 1997 which contained "high hemagglutinin antigen content with an MF59 adjuvant" which proved to create neutralizing antibody responses; however, there are no current vaccines available for humans which have been proven to truly vaccinate against the H5N1 virus (Beigel, et al., 1378).
According to the most recent findings as provided by the Centers for Disease Control, the H5N1 influenza a virus is highly pathogenic and as a result is not expected to decrease at a high rate anytime in the near future ("Avian Influenza," Internet). This is especially true in areas of the world where population growth continues to be a serious problem, such as in northern Africa and Southeast Asia where people often congregate in very close quarters at markets or on the public streets.
In some of these areas, the H5N1 virus is...
In the event of such an epidemic, it is reasonable to assume that public health departments will be pressed to find ways to maintain their services even when employees are ill, normal supply chains are disrupted, and the nation's infrastructure is inoperative; furthermore, the traditional roles of environmental health professionals can also be expected to change in dramatic ways during a period of pandemic influenza (Fabian, 2006). As U.S. Secretary
Symptoms of the bird flu in humans vary depending on the exact subtype which that individual has been infected with. Most people contract the avian influenza from coming into contact with infected birds, "During an outbreak of avian influenza among poultry, there is a possible risk who have contact with infected birds or surfaces that have been contaminated with secretions or excretions from infected birds," (CDC 2007). The etiological
The risk to humans is generally low, however during any outbreak of Avian Flu among poultry, there is always a possible risk to humans who have contact with the infected birds and surfaces contaminated with excretions from the infected fowl (Avian1). The current outbreak of H5N1 among poultry in Asia and Europe is an example of a bird flu outbreak that has caused human infections and death (Avian1). In rare
spread? Classification of the influenza virus Definition of pandemic and causes and reasons for its spread How well is USA prepared for the onset of the influenza virus? The morbidity and mortality rates of the influenza virus Details about WHO and CDC and their methods of tackling the disease End Notes Influenza Pandemic What is Influenza and how does it spread: Influenza is defined as a severe infection of the respiratory tract and is shown in the inflammation
Medications must be continued until the vaccine becomes effective. She should contact the state of local health department immediately about the outbreak and report cases to the local health department. The Watson Caring Theory may be infused in the role and functions of the community health nurse when treating and caring for patients or victims of influenza. Jean Watson's 10 carative factors can translate into clinical caritas processes and bring
ordinal list of the causes of death in the US. It has been reported that the disease causes more havoc in developing countries. During a flu epidemic, up to 20% of Americans are infected by the virus. Of this figure, approximately 36 000 people might die of the infection. It is reported that over 200 000 of those infected are infected in various hospital facilities across the country. Indeed,
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