Gulliver's Travels
Jonathon Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726) is a satiric novel aimed at revealing the trends of seventeenth-century philosophy, including ideas on human nature. For instance, as Gulliver, the main character embarks on a journey to discover what man is, he descends into a journey of pure madness.
Swift separates man into two groups in this novel -- the Houyhnhnms and the Yahoos. Swift's theme of human nature is very strong here, as the Houyhnhnms resemble horses in every way except that they possess absolute reason, while the Yahoos look just like humans except for their savage brutality.
The Houyhnhnms and the Yahoos are used by Swift to illustrate the problem of the nature of man. Swift also uses a fairytale setting, makes it acceptable to the audience, and then taunts his readers with questions about their own lives. Using the character of Gulliver as his voice, Swift creates a society that does not conform to the normal ideas of the human race.
When Gulliver is abandoned on a remote island, he discovers a culture unlike any other he has seen. The Houyhnhnms occupy the island and run it using true ideas of reason. The Yahoos are also creatures of this island, although they are the opposite of the Houyhnhnms, and portrayed by Swift as the worst possible form of humanity.
The Yahoos represent the crudest and most vile characteristics of humanity, both externally and internally. The Houyhnhnms represent the voice of true reason. At the time that this book was written, the trends of philosophy leaned toward acting entirely based on reason. People desired to live truly enlightened lives. For this reason, Swift's Houyhnhnms represented a superior way of life to Gulliver, while the Yahoos represented what people did not want to be.
Although Swift's satire is clearly aimed at philosophical thinking, particularly regarding human nature, Swift's characters are not used to educate his readers, or teach them a moral lesson. Instead, Swift seems to be trying to make his readers question their lives and the society they live in.
When Gulliver first arrives on the remote island, he meets the Yahoos first. While the Yahoos possess distinct...
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