He is thinking ahead. Achilles is consumed by the energy of the moment and is not thinking about the future. In modern times, he would be considered an adrenaline junkie, one who is out for the thrill of battle. This is a key difference that supports the youthful exuberance of Achilles and the wise restraint of Odysseus.
Odysseus admits that Achilles is a physically stronger warrior and that his own strength lies in his head, not in his abilities in battle. Odysseus addresses Achilles saying,
Akhileus, flower and pride of the Akhaians, you are more powerful than I am - and a better spearman, too - only in sizing matter up I'd say that I'm just as far beyond you, being older, knowing more of the world" (Illiad XIX, p. 178).
This statement summarizes the difference between the abilities of Odysseus and Achilles. A part of wisdom is knowing one's own strengths and weaknesses. Odysseus clearly recognizes his own strengths and those of Achilles. Although, he recognizes the value of youthful strength, he tries to convince Achilles of the value of wisdom. Odysseus is old enough to understand these concepts. Achilles is not mature enough to understand the real meaning of what Odysseus is trying to tell him.
Odysseus was the mastermind behind the Trojan Horse. It would be difficult to imagine Achilles being capable of devising such as plan. The plans of Achilles involved might and strength, rather than cunning and skill. Achilles' sudden rage and...
Odysseus demonstrates much more diplomacy and consideration for the consequences of his actions.
A modern definition of a hero is one who risks their own life to save somebody else. Achilles would not be considered a hero by modern standards due to his lack of concern for others. He refused to help protect the ships from fire as he pursued his own selfish interests at their expense. The Greek ideal of a hero requires them to be of divine ancestry and to be endowed by great courage and strength. Achilles meets these criteria, as does Odysseus.
The Greeks placed a greater emphasis on physical strength. Therefore, by ancient Greek standards, Achilles was the greatest hero. However, by modern standards, Odysseus is the greater hero, as he displays compassion for other human beings. Achilles demonstrates impulsiveness and an inability to consider the consequences of his actions, much like a young child. Odysseus considers many angles of his actions and carefully analyzes the consequences. He acts as a wise adult. The differences between Achilles and Odysseus highlight the differences between ancient Greek thought and modern ideology.
Bibliography
Lawall, Sarah., et. al. (eds.), the Illiad. Norton Anthology of World Literature, 2nd ed., Vols. a-C. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. 2002.
