The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was started on January 1989 by Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke when he called for better economic cooperation within the Asia Pacific Region. Currently, the organization has 21 members including, Australia, Japan, Singapore, and United States. At the Bogor summit, APEC started discussions regarding the "Bogor Goals" which aims to reduce tariffs between zero and five percent in industrialized countries by 2010 and developing countries by 2020 (Wikipedia contributors, 2007). APEC had a combined GDP of $6 trillion in 1998 and 42% of global trade. The main advantages of this organization are deregulation, sharing of technology, and policy certainty ("What is APEC?" n.d.). Some disadvantages include selective policy-making to push the agenda of a specific country using intimidation strategies, increased inequality and poverty, anti-democratism, and high costs with respect to human rights violations and environmental damages (Kelsey, n.d.).
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is another organization that not only encompasses economic but also political and cultural cooperation. It started on August 1967 in order to oppose communist expansion of Vietnam. The member countries include Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. ASEAN's aim is to implement the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), enhance the region's attractiveness for investment and tourism, and enhancing industrial efficiency and usage of environmental resources ("Association of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEAN" n.d.).
The Dominican Republic - Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) is another free trade agreement that includes the United States, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic. Like the NAFTA, CAFTA also has the same objectives of creating a free trade zone that will reduce tariffs on U.S. exports...
No efforts have been made to create a strong consumer base in the Philippines itself by improving the lot of the Filipino workers (Bello 3). Had a local market been created and some protections afforded to Filipino workers, development may well have proceeded in a more positive direction as the nation would have been better able to take advantage of those aspects of globalization that offered true benefits, rather
For instance the World Trade Organization reports having "allowed First World countries to raise trade barriers protecting their companies, even as we have served as their forum for insisting that Third World countries lower their trade barriers more and more." (WTO, The truth is that if richer nations were to open their markets to the LDC countries for increase opportunities of export, generated would be approximately $700 billion in additional
East Asia's economies began expanding through the exporting of low-value, labor-intensive goods such as textiles (Qin-Hilliard & Suarez-Orozco 2004). Africa There are several countries in Africa that have been globalized. Somalia is a prime example of an African nation that has many different factors that can and will result in the success or failure of globalization. On the one hand, there is a great deal of terrorist issues that arise out
Of the top 150 medications that are sold by prescription in the U.S. 118 of these are medications that are either "derived from or modeled on naturally occurring substances." (SEAM Global, 2005) Some of the medications that count on habitat presently being destroyed are "aspirin, morphine, vincristine, taxol, digitalis, and most antibiotics."(SEAM Global, 2005) VI. Internet/Networking: Role Played in Preservation Through global and subglobal assessments of the ecosystem and monitoring of
This is regressive to any society (Suter, 2010). The world is faced with not only civilization crisis, but as well as a crisis within civilizations. This is a momentous crisis of worldview and identity. None of the classifications of the past like ethnicity, religion, heritage, culture, social status and the nation, is a sufficient setting of thought and activity in a time that is quickly getting global. Each country on
But when the village is being rebuilt, consensus is not easy (Kurup)." This is a pointed criticism of using a U.S. model where the financial sector is doing well (the speculative economy) as opposed to the "real" economy on the street. Dr. Kurup feels that the infrastructural problems that have dogged India for years need to be solved as well so the recovery is even and across the board.
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