14). While command-based incentives were more favored in the U.S. during the 1970s, the increasing shift to view market-based incentives in a more positive light caused a tendency to stress incentives in the Reagan era and beyond -- just when the warming of the earth's atmosphere began to increase.
Today, both incentives continue to be used. One example of a control mechanism used to prevent global warming is fuel emissions caps. However, within the U.S. these have proven to be extremely unpopular. California, for example, has one of the most stringent and ambitious goals to regulate emissions but in November voters will be able to vote to suspend these goals, in a supposed effort to increase jobs if Proposition 23 is passed (Nagourney 2010). Incentive-based regulations are familiar to most consumers in the form of tax incentives to buy Energy Star-rated products, tax credits for fuel-conserving home improvements such as storm windows and doors, and special express lanes for hybrid cars. Clearly, incentive-based strategies are more popular, given that they have benefits for the consumer in the short-term as well as the long-term. Incentive-based strategies also tend to generate more positive good will about environmentalism in the public. But are they more effective? At present, the evidence is mixed regarding both strategies, although incentives continue to be more favored -- the Kyoto treaty created a 'cap and trade' program to increase incentives to meet emissions goals by enabling nations that overshot their reduction benchmarks to 'sell' credits to more polluting signature nations.
The ideal is to incentivize technological innovations that will enable nations to meet emissions standards. Stimulating the growth of new : How do we know? (2010). NASA. Retrieved October 13, 2010 at http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/
Climate change. (2010) National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved October 13, 2010 at http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/reports-in-brief/Science-Report-Brief-final.pdf
Harrington, Winston & Richard Morganstern. (2004 Fall/Winter). Economic incentives vs. command and control. Resources for the Future. Retrieved October 13, 2010 at http://www.rff.org/rff/Documents/RFF_Resources_152_ecoincentives.pdf
Ifill, Gwen. (2005). Kyoto fallout. Online News Hour. Retrieved October 13, 2010 at http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/environment/jan-june05/kyoto_2-16.html
Nagourney, Adam. (2010, September 23). Whitman opposes ballot on emissions law.
The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2010 at http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/23/whitman-opposes-ballot-initiative-on-emissions-law/
Those that do not understand why Bush would relax these rules and harm the environment cite once again the tremendous amount of money that the utility industry has given to the Bush campaign as a potential reason for the rule changes. This does not mean that the writer is anti-Bush, however, as there is no guarantee that a different President in office would not have done exactly the same
The Emergency Volunteer Action Network (EVAN) has been a longtime advocate a Good Samaritan Entity Liability Protection for all public and private healthcare agencies as well as a Uniform Emergency Volunteer Health Practitioners Act (UEVHPA) which would allow out-of-state medical professionals to cross state lines in declared emergencies (EVAN, 2010, UNC). However, these laws tend only to provide for coverage at the immediate scene of the emergency, rather than
Global Warming Ample scientific evidence exists to demonstrate that global warming is an authentic and unequivocal threat to the globe, to nations around the world, and to society in developed countries. Climatologists have found evidence of seven cycles of glacial retreat and advance over the past 650,000 years ("NASA," 2012). Notably, the beginning of the era of the climate we experience today is estimated to have occurred 7,000 years ago
Thus, since we are a major contributor to the problem, we need to be the first to step up with global solutions. In addition, the country (and the world) needs to start to encourage the development of alternative energies on a large scale. Homes that utilize solar, geothermal, and/or wind power should receive tax breaks, and there should be significant incentives to build "green" in the future. In addition, we
wrong with this picture? The viewpoint being espoused expresses some wonderful ideas but fails to take into consideration the basic selfishness of man. Expecting the kind of cooperation and dedication that would be necessary to accomplish what is being suggested in this scenario is highly idealistic. It would require the putting aside of both national interests and personal interests on a scale much larger than that necessary for the United
From the point-of-view of the variation and flexibility of the species such cultivated woody crops rank as no more than cornfields. While the tree farms are conveniently be stretched on the private lands, national forests those are considered priceless reservoirs of most of the biological diversity of the nation cannot expand so easily. The commercial logging is considered as the greatest danger for survival of the national forest system.
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