However, the Egyptians worshipped many Gods, all of which ruled the earth and determined man's fate and destiny. According to Don Nardo, the Egyptians appreciated "the goodness of order (and) justice... embodied in the movement of the god Re (which) regulated Egyptian lives" (2002, p. 129). Definitions of Justice:

For the Hebrews, justice was solely in the hands of God and could be meted out only according to His laws and commandments. For the Mesopotamians, justice was determined by the Kings of the land, such as Sargon, and was defined by the Code of Hammurabi which listed penalties for certain crimes which formed the basis of justice for the Mesopotamian people. For the Egyptians, justice was solely determined by the Pharaoh who sought guidance from the Gods in order to convey what was just and unjust. Basically, all of these civilizations defined justice as that which pleased the Gods.

Human Nature:

The Hebrews saw human nature as being manifested by God and that man was by nature a...

Thus, man's nature was determined by God and was bound to his laws and commandments. The Mesopotamians and Egyptians held similar views on human nature, yet they also saw human nature as being body and soul and bound up with the will of the Gods, for without the Gods, man would be nothing but a wild animal, lacking principles, wisdom and piety.
Slavery:

Conclusion:

Some of the ideas expressed so far are also held as personal beliefs, especially in regard to specific human traits, such as wisdom, humility and gratitude as mentioned in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Also, destiny and fate, both highly esteemed by the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, are personal beliefs that make themselves known under certain conditions, due to life being at times quite unpredictable.

References

Mitchell, Stephen. (2004). Gligamesh: A New English Version. New York: The Free Press.

Nardo, Don. (2002). Ancient Civilizations: Volume 1. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press.