(McCormack, 2003, p.1)
V. Seven Concepts that are 'Key' to Client Centered Practice
The work of Law et al. (1995) relates seven concepts that are stated to be 'key to client centered practice' as follows:
(1) Autonomy and Choice
(2) Partnership & Responsibility
(3) Enablement
(4) Contextual Congruence
(5) Accessibility
(6) Flexibility
(7) Respect for diversity. (McCormack, 2003, p.1)
VI. Patient and Informal Expertise and Knowledge
The work of Loeb, et al. (2003) entitled: "Supporting Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions" states that nurses "have studied the experience of chronic illness within relational and social contexts, depicting persons who live with chronic illnesses as active agents of their own health." (p.3) This view involves the individual as "active agents of their own health…" who "develop expertise both in awareness of their bodily responses and in managing the self-care required by their unique types of chronicity." (Loeb, et al., 2003, p.4) It is stated that the patient's expertise "often reaches a level that exceeds that of their professional health care provider." (Loeb, et al., 2003, p.3)
According to Loeb, et al. "engaging in life…" is a strategy that can be effectively used in diverting the individual's attention "away from the challenges of chronicity toward a life filled with purposeful, activities." (2003, p.4) Loeb et al. states that findings in the study include "a number of coping strategies used to mediate the effects of multiple chronic conditions." Some of those strategies are the following:
(1) need for formal expertise of healthcare providers who have a 'critically evaluative attitude.'
(2) the experiential process of living with multiple chronic conditions was identified as a means of acquisition of informal expertise.
(3) Information gained through peers was preferred to information provided by professional health care workers;
(4) however, individuals did desire a partnered relationship with members of the health care team;
(5) A desire existed among participants to make informed health care decisions because it promoted their personal sense of empowerment.
(6) Finally, the need for health care workers to acknowledge the informal knowledge and expertise of patients. (Loeb, 2003, p.5)
McCormack (2003, p.5) states that health care provision...
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" References Cooney, C., & Mortimer, a. (1995). Elder Abuse and Dementia - a Pilot Study . International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 41, 276-283. Dong, X., Simon, M., de Leon, C.M., Fulmer, T., Beck, T., Hebert, L., et al. (2009). Elder Self-neglect and Abuse and Mortality Risk in a Community-Dwelling Population . Journal of the American Medical Association, 302(5), 517-526. Dong, X. (2005). Medical Implications of Elder Abuse and Neglect. Clinics in geriatric medicine,
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