Geological Model for Jackfield
Location of Jackfield
The Jackfield site is bounded by the River Severn to the north, the Jackfield Tile Museum to the west and the footbridge across the Severn near The Boat Inn to the east; the southern boundary runs approximately NW-SE through Woodhouse Farm. The slopes on this side of the river are used for pasture and have little or no trees except for either side of Salthouse Road and the lower valley sides which are situated towards the westerly and easterly boundaries.
Jackfield lies on the southern bank of river Severn within the Ironbridge gorge. The village is located in an unstable part of the Ironbridge Gorge, where several landslips have been recorded (Scatena & Lugo, 1995). In line with this, in April 1952, a mega landslip occurred in the Ironbridge Gorge at Jackfield leading to the destruction of more than 20 households with other houses descripted on the paper. Outlined below are the locations of selected landslides in the UK.
Figure 1 -- Locations of selected landslides in the UK.
The Geology of the Gorge
The geology of the gorge is very complex with alternating beds of permeable rocks such as limestone and sandstones, and more impermeable layers of grey shale, clays, and thin beds of coal seams as well as ironstones. The frequent layers of clay, often 5 metres thick produce slip zones where one layer can slide upon another with through flow water acting as a lubricant.
The slope in Jackfield has been subjected to rapid degradation by melt waters during the last glacial period and the high groundwater levels associated with post glacial conditions (Bentleya & Siddle, 1990). This makes the riverbanks to be weak and can easily slide.
Figure 3 -- Main features of a landslip.
In addition, river erosion undercut the valley sides and removes support at the slopes along the Salthouse Road. Besides, valley development has initiated a cycle of land sliding activity as slope processes strive to reach equilibrium (deBoer, 1992). As opposed to river and rain, the accelerated degradation of the slopes...
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