In the recent years, aid from Turkey has touched over $400 million per annum. ("Cyprus: CIA -- the World Factbook," n. d.)
In 1878, political conflicts started between the two communities when the Turkish Cypriots rejected the Greek Cypriots' desire for ENOSIS for Union with Greece. A campaign of armed terror was initiated by the Greek Cypriots in 1955 for uniting the island with Greece which was rejected by the Turkish Cypriots. The International Treaties of 1960, by having Great Britain, Turkey and Greece as the guarantor powers, gave Cyprus its freedom from Great Britain and named the Republic of Cyprus. The 1960 partnership Republic was not for the sake of a fully independent Republic but for the purpose of self-preservation. The independence of Cyprus was restricted by the International Treaties of 1960 which did not allow Partition or Enosis; thus leading to the creation of a bi-national partnership state and not a nation. However, shortly after the origin of the Republic solemn differences cropped about the interpretation and implementation of the constitution between the two communities. It was argued by the Greek Cypriots that the complex system which was introduced to protect the interest of the Turkish Cypriots was creating a hindrance for efficient governance. President Makarios, on 30th November, 1963 laid down a series of constitutional amendments named "13 Points." These were designed for eliminating some of these special provisions. However, such changes were opposed by the Turkish Cypriots. In December, 1963 the confrontation led to rampant inter-communal fighting, after which the participation of the Turkish Cypriot ceased in the central government. On 4th March, 1964 the United Nations Security Council adopted a resolution 186 after the Turkish Cypriot community was attacked brutally by the Greek Cypriots. The resolution was for stationing UNFICYP -- United Nations Peace Keeping Force in Cyprus for restoring law and order and to prevent the recurrence of any fight. The Republic of Cyprus though founded in 1960 ended in 1963. This was because the participatory right of the Turks which was guaranteed by the 1960 Constitution was disregarded by the Greek organs of administration, government and legislation. ("Cyprus History: 1964-1974," n. d.)
In the Resolution 186 of 1964, the Government of Cyprus was referred to by the UN Security Council in such a way that it implied that the legitimate Government of Cyprus was the government which was manned only by the Greek Cypriots. From then onwards the titles of the bi-communal state are usurped by the Greek Cypriots. The Republic of Cyprus which exists today was created during 1963-74 when in a revolutionary process the Greek Cypriots seized control over a certain section of the island's territory. ("Cyprus History: 1964-1974," n. d.) the invasion of Cyprus in 1974 by Turkey, the ethnic cleansing which was undertaken by the army of Turkey and the occupation of almost 38% of the territory of Cyprus, has altered not only the negotiating equilibrium among the two communities but has also changed the demographic structure of the island. The organized invasions of the mainland settlers of Turkey who now seem to outnumber the population of Turkish Cypriots have added a new facet to the problem. Washington's policy of Cyprus post-1974 has tried to limit the outcome of the Turkish invasion on the relations between Greece and Turkey; while engaging in efforts for peacemaking in Cyprus...
Cyprus Problem Ancient History Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus Intercommunal Conflict Establishment of the UNFICYP Turkey Bombs Cyprus Turkey Rejects UN s Mediator on Solution of Cyprus Problem New Round of Intercommunal Talks Military Junta Takes Over in Greece Kofinou Crisis Reinforced Talks with Constitutional Experts Formation of the EOKA B. And Civil Strife Junta Coup d'Etat and Turkish Invasion The Aftermath Restoration of Communal Order Great Britain Greece Turkey Greek Cypriots Turkish Cypriots Sovereignty EU and the Cypress Problem Struggle for Justice and Compromise Where Should the Solution Line be Drawn? POLICY
Turkey Join the European Union The accession of Turkey to the European Union has long been a subject of contention. The route of Turkey's membership to the European Union has been in process since 1959, but the consideration of Turkey being a part of the European Union is still an unresolved issue. A clear difference of point-of-view, regarding Turkish accession to the European Union prevails among the entire world, but
U.S.A and Turkey Diplomatic Relations Events between the U.S. And Turkey since the End of Cold War Gary E. Oldenburg has it that the cold war ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991. Various things have happened between Turkey and the U.S. since the end of this war bearing in mind that the first contests of the cold war were in Turkey, Greece and Iran. Ceren Mutus (2011) notes
While on one hand, the Nile gets the highest discharge from rainfall on the highlands of Ethiopia and upland plateau of East Africa, located well outside the Middle East region; on the other hand, discharge points of the other two rivers, Euphrates and Tigris, are positioned well within the Middle East region, prevailing mostly in Turkey, Syria along with Iraq. In other areas, recurrent river systems are restricted to
One of the ways that scholars have seen Ozdamar as collapsing preexisting cultural boundaries is through a meandering picaresque novelistic structure. Indeed, Monika Shafi argues that Ozdamar "borrows from the comic and picaresque traditions [using] a theatrical, performance-based approach to identity and interaction." Shafi's reading prompts one to acknowledge the 1960s cultural climate in which Ozdamar wrote. Specifically, she wrote at a time in which the theatrical writings of leftist intellectuals
The goods from Asia were shipped to Venice and Genoa from where they were carried over the Alps to France and Germany, or through the strait of Gibraltar to Britain and the Scandinavian countries. The Black Sea port of Caffa, controlled by the Genoese during the 14th century, was an important terminal point on the silk route. Apart from the fur and slaves that it normally imported, Caffa is
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