(iii) in the United States, Brazil, Germany and France, humans have been receiving their own stem cells to re-grow heart muscle in the unforeseen incident of heart attack or injury. This was found to be successful in majority of the cases. (iv) in one more incident, the vision of 23 patients was restored after limbal adult stem cell transplants. This line of therapeutic care has assisted a lot of people who have been suffering from blindness for years together that includes the sufferers of mustard gas attacks in Iraqi. (Life Issues Institute, 2006) v) Crohn's disease patients have in fact been treated with stem cells evolved from their own blood. (vi) Among the 90% of the 19 patients having several autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus has been on the path to recovery following treatment with their own blood stem cells. (vii) a research of Parkinson's disease displayed an average improvement of 61% increase of coordination as also minimal symptoms when the patients own neuronal stem cells were transplanted. (viii) Adult stem cells from the 'umbilical cord blood' were added for the cure of leukemia patients. This helped in freeing 14 of the 18 patients of the disease. From the above it can be stated that majority of the studies are in the initial phases and have been performed on models of animals, even though a lot of them have been made use of on human trials. A lone success report relating to the skull bone is not regarded ultimate until other scientists are able to duplicate the same study. It is important that subsequently these trials must be successful in human subjects through the use of adult stem cells prior to such treatments are available for the general public. Majority of the above reports belong to the last 1 to 3 years. (Life Issues Institute, 2006)
Human Cloning:
Even since the birth of the cloned sheep Dolly in 1997, the question of human cloning has been discussed in a lot of forums. The deep ethical issues covering the possibilities of the birth of a human clone have received a lot of analysis. Of late, the discussion contained the theme of human embryonic stem cell research through which scientists could take advantage from experimentation through the method initiated by the scientists who gave birth to Dolly the cloned sheep. Research on stem cells and research cloning are strongly connected. In the private sector, scientists have performed experiments on human embryonic stem cells following extraction of them from residual embryos that has been discarded from treatment of infertility. Scientist's hope that the day is not far when these cells can be used for treatment of diseases, and one of the possible hurdles for that type of methodology is encountering of rejection of the implanted cells by the immune system of the patient. By means of nuclear transplantation, stem cells are possible for creation with the identical genetic blueprint as that of the patient, which research scientists' regard would help in the reduction or complete remove the threat of immune rejection. (AAAS Center for Science, Technology and Congress, 2007)
Of late a lot of options to transplantation through nucleus mode have been suggested. Some of these are (i) deriving stem cells out of dead embryos. However some regard this method as similar to severing of organs from the persons who has died recently. (ii) Taking out stem cells through extracting the blastomeres from live embryos. Currently, this method is used for the testing of IVF embryos for abnormalities at the genetic and chromosomal level. However, long-term impacts of this removal on the health of the person have not been known. Blastomeres are the cells which are formed during the first stages of embryonic development at the time when there is a split of the fertilized ovum. (iii) Through altered nuclear transfer: Under this procedure, the somatic cell nucleus is changed prior to the transfer so that it would it will fail to have the potential of growth of that of the human embryo. (AAAS Center for Science, Technology and Congress, 2007)
Knowledge obtained from the Human Genome Project:
The body of knowledge received from the Human Genome Project will put heavy insinuations for the future drugs as genetic technologies are developed that help us in preventing and treat a broad spectrum of clinical states. In the forthcoming days, majority of the technology surfacing from the Human Genome Project will concentrate straightaway from the genes themselves. A methodology that makes use of short strands of genetic material known as DNA probes will be essential for locating of normal and unusual...
The answer to why humans have not been cloned is complex. Many have reservations to the practice for scientific and moral reasons. First, some believe that scientists do not know enough about cloning to attempt the process with correct safety precautions. Second, some have moral concerns about the welfare of the cloned child, replacing the dead, genetic diseases, and social impacts, in addition to religious arguments and other concerns
Legal costs might also haunt governments that allow cloning research. To prevent complications related to direct government investments in cloning research, legislation could open the door for privately-funded cloning research projects while at the same time banning federally- or state-funded research projects. However, most opponents of cloning cite the ethical costs involved in cloning legislation. Opponents of stem cell research sometimes "argue that permitting nuclear transplantation would open the door
Human Cloning The Cloning of Human Beings Cloning is the creation of an exact biological twin generated from the DNA of a donor. In effect, a person creates an exact copy, with the exact genetic sequence, from their own DNA. While the cloning of human beings has been the realm of science fiction, the creation of sheep clones has pushed the idea of human cloning into the range of possibilities. At present,
Human Genome Project One of the primary concerns of the biological sciences today is human health. The more information is made known about the human body, the more curative and preventive steps can be taken to ensure the longevity and health of the human body. This is one of the ends of the Human Genome Project (HGP), which was concluded in 2003. The project ran for 13 years and was coordinated
and, that is, for how much longer should this experimentation be tolerated given the animal suffering involved and the deliberate creation of abominations of nature. Currently, many countries around the world have banned the use of reproductive, human cloning on ethical grounds, while allowing research to continue in the area of therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning of animals. Of course, there are also countries that are permitting the development of
Human Cloning The subject of human cloning was once the stuff of science fiction novels and television programs. As technology and science improves, the creation of clones has become, potentially, a real likelihood in the impending future. For the follow, the definition of human cloning is that which has been designated by the American Medical Association: The term "cloning" will refer to the production of genetically identical organisms via somatic cell nuclear
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