PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology: Annotated Bibliography 1
Paek, H., Nelsion, M.R., & Vilela, A.M. Examination of gender-role portrayals in television advertising across seven countries. Sex Roles, 64, 192-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9850-y
The authors of the article have extensively researched gender roles on a cultural, country-wise, and practical level for the selected countries and their advertising strategies. The prime time TV commercials for seven countries were chosen in which China and the United States were also included. In China, it was revealed that very few female models in the advertisements are portrayed as homemakers, and this image was changed from strict role classification under Confucianism to less stringent female-gendered role under Communist reign. In contrast, United States advertisements have shown women as more homemakers, and the high masculinity factor has been associated with mens role. In contrast, women are more of the product users only.
Gupta, T., Way, N., Hughes, D., Jia, Y., Chen, X., McGill, R.K., Santos, C., Yoshikawa, H. & Deng, H. (2013). Gender-typed behaviors in friendships and well-being: A cross-cultural study of Chinese and American boys. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(1), 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00824.x
The social and psychological adjustments must be made when conformations to gender-typed roles become mandatory, especially in friendships. The authors of the selected article have investigated that boys in the United States having high depressive symptoms had stronger associations with a gender-typed role in their friendships and their quality. In China and the United States, if the depression is high, self-esteem is low, and the friendship quality for both gendered roles and their respective adherence is low. As the study was conducted among middle school students, the masculine and feminine cultural ideologies in both cultures depended on feeling confident inside, which was less evident in men if they had depression, directly influencing their friendship adherence.
Koenig, L.R., Blum, R.W., Shervington, D., Green, J., Li, M., Tabana, H., & Moreau, C. (2021). Unequal gender norms are...
…families were meant to be run on the set segmentation by age, work assigned to specific genders, and the inherent nature of the gender for its suitability for the tasks to be performed in a family. However, in modern societies, industrialization and more need of work for the families have changed this notion conveniently as a wife can also now earn money outside the house, and parenting is an equal job for the father as it is for the mother. Particularly for women in China and the United States, hard work is associated with womens gendered role even though both cultures have presented women alongside gender equality and negating gender discrimination in workplaces. It is still observed that women are paid lesser than men, which is a conspicuous portrayal of gender inequality and the gendered cultural roles for both.References
Gupta, T., Way, N., Hughes, D., Jia, Y., Chen, X., McGill, R.K., Santos, C., Yoshikawa, H. & Deng, H. (2013). Gender-typed behaviors…
Hare-Mustin, R.T. (1988). Family change and gender differences: Implications for theory and practice. Family Relations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies, 37(1), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.2307/584427
Koenig, L.R., Blum, R.W., Shervington, D., Green, J., Li, M., Tabana, H., & Moreau, C. (2021). Unequal gender norms are related to symptoms of depression among young adolescents: A cross-sectional, cross-cultural study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 69, S47-S55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.01.023
Mmari, K., Blum, R.W., Atnafou, R., Chilet, E., Meyer, S., El-Gibaly, O., Basu, S., Bello, B., Maina, B. & Zuo, X. (2017). Exploration of gender norms and socialization among early adolescents: The use of qualitative methods for the global early adolescent study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61, S12-S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.07.006
Paek, H., Nelsion, M.R., & Vilela, A.M. Examination of gender-role portrayals in television advertising across seven countries. Sex Roles, 64, 192-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9850-y
Gender Roles In the world today, the most common way in which human beings probably distinguish themselves is by their gender. All human beings, or at least the vast majority, are born as clearly male or female. Perhaps this is also why this distinction has, since ancient times, served as a factor in human relationships and indeed vast-scale human oppression and even slavery. Indeed, to this day many women suffer indignities
Gender Roles Sex is a biological given. Some animal species have one sex, some have two, and some have more than two. This is interesting to scientists perhaps, in terms of its physical construction. However, gender is what culture 'does' with these distinctions of physiology. Gender is how culture interprets the apparent biological differences between particular human bodies of different sexual anatomy. What does it mean, for instance, that a certain
Gender Role Analysis How Gender is Shaped by Education How Gender is Shaped by Public Policy How Gender is Shaped in the Workplace This report discusses the role played by social institutions such as schools, workplaces and policy making institutions in the shaping of gender roles and norms in society. These institutions hold control over desired resources such as information, wealth and social progress. They control the distribution of these resources by making it
Gender Roles in Everybody Loves Raymond Even with the fact that society as a whole has experienced significant progress during recent years, it seems difficult for the media to stop using stereotypes when relating to particular groups. Philip Rosenthal's television sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond is a perfect example concerning gender roles and how the media tends to use them with the purpose of shaping particular characters. In spite of its humor,
Gender Messages Gender roles are the behaviors and traits and expectations that are linked to women and men through socialization, according to Janice Lee and Amie Ashcraft (2005). In fact gender roles define what it means to be a feminine or masculine person. During one's lifetime there is an enormous amount of social pressure to "conform to these gender roles" (Lee, 2005). This paper examines the gender roles learned from family,
References Anderson, I. (2007). What is a typical rape? Effects of victim and participant gender in female and male rape perception. The British Psychological Society, 46, 3225-245. Anderson, I. & Lyons, a. (2005). The Effect of Victims Social Support on Attribution of Blame in Female and Male Rape. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35(7), 1400-1417. Davies, M. & McCartney S. (2003). Effects of Gender and Sexuality on Judgments of Victim Blame and Rape
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