Gender Differences in Mental Health Issues
Mental health can be defined in many ways. It consists of a health balance of self-esteem, as well as a rich and fulfilled life. Some would say it exists in a patient with a sense of purpose and fulfillment in life. When a patient has disordered mental health, this usually goes along with problems in problem solving, and life functions. It is reported that in the United States today, there are over 44 million adults who have been diagnosed with a mental illness or substance abuse disorder during any year you may pick (Robins & Regier, 1990). Generally, when you compare the prevalence of mental health problems between men and women you find the incidence rates are similar. The ways in which patient's manifest or response to treatment, as based upon gender, however, is remarkably different. For example, men tend to be much more likely to be diagnosed with an antisocial personality disorder than a woman does. Conversely, women are more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety at twice the rate of men. Phobic disorders are more likely to be seen in twice as many women as men. And while it is true that women attempt suicide more often than men do, it is almost five times more likely for a man to complete a suicide (Moscato, Russell, Zielezny, et.al., 1997).
Women appear to be at greater risk of depression for several reasons. While before age 13, the rate of depression is about equal between boys and girls, there is a significant change in the rates after age 13 (Hankin and Abramson, 1999). It has been demonstrated within clinical trials that the rate of serotonin synthesis in the brain, and average levels of serotonin in the blood tend to be higher in men then is seen on average in women. It has been long hypothesized that lowered levels of serotonin available in the brain can be associated with depressed mood. Another hypothesis on the gender difference in the expression of mental health issues between men and women may be related to estrogen (Behl and Holsboer, 1999). Converse...
Most of the studies stressed the need for additional research in their given area of investigation, and gender differences it would seem remain better described than understood. Conclusion The research showed that there were some documented biological differences in the incidence of heart disease among American men and women, and these differences were further accentuated by a number of gender-related behaviors that may account for some of the disparity between the
Low socioeconomic status brings with it many concerns and stressors, including uncertainty about the future and less access to community and health care resources. Money and power issues contribute to feelings of passivity, negativism and lack of self-esteem, all of which contribute to depression. In addition, women are more likely to be sexually abused as children (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2006). And victims of sexual abuse are
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