For example, in some patients, the stomach is unable to defend itself from the caustic nature of the acid, which creates lesions in the lining, called gastric ulcers.How Age Might Impact the Pathophysiology of GERD, PUD, and Gastritis?
GERD:
Most patients with GERD suffer from symptoms of other conditions such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) which produces pain, abdominal distress, and the need for frequent bowel movements (Gasiorowska 2009,-page 1829). GERD is more prevalent with patients who are over the age of forty although it has been found in patients much younger than this. Pregnant women or those who have other medical conditions related to the gastrointestinal tract, such as diabetes or hiatal hernia, are more likely to develop GERD. Age is a major factor as some of the preconditions for GERD such as slower stomach emptying come naturally age. There are three tests which have been traditionally used to diagnose the condition: pH monitoring to test for acid over a 24 or 48-hour period, endoscopy, or manometry. Unfortunately, GERD is a chronic condition without a cure, but there are ways of managing it including over the counter antacids and lifestyle changes. There are prescriptions available for severe cases. In the most extreme cases, surgery can be performed to suppress the acid producers.
PUD:
Like GERD, PUD tends to be found in older patients; in this case PUD is very rare in patients under the age of 60. Less than 10% of patients are aged 20. It is believed that the reason for this is that while 50% of all people have some H. pylori bacteria within their bodies in their lifetime, only 5-10% will become the victims of PUD and the more fragile the body at the time of infection, the greater the likelihood to develop PUD (Kulber 1990,-page 737). Testing for PUD first requires testing for the presence of H. pylori which is can be...
The Normal Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production In the words of Phan, Benhammou, and Pisegna (2015), “gastric acid secretion by parietal cells occurs in the fundus of the stomach, and is intricately regulated by various neuronal (vagal), paracrine (histamine, somatostatin) and hormonal factors” (387). As the authors further point out, there are two key phases in gastric acid secretion. These are the cephalic phase and the gastric phases. While
Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility 1. The secretion of acid by the stomach is promoted by three phases. These, according to Huether and McCance (2017) are the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and the intestinal phase. As the authors further point out, while the cephalic phase is prompted by the smell, thought as well as taste of food, the gastric phase is prompted by stomach distention. The last phase, i.e. the intestinal phase,
Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility According to Ramsay and Carr (2011), the stomach’s main function is food preparation for digestion as well as absorption by the intestines. In the words of the authors, “acid production is the unique and central component of the stomach’s contribution to the digestive process” (Ramsay and Carr, 2011, p. 977). The parietal cells are responsible for the secretion of acid in the stomach. As Lascelles and
Introduction Motility represents the stomach muscle’s contractions that allow the mix and push of contents within the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Motility is a term generally used for reference to any of the various gastro disorders where there is a loss in ability to control muscular activities resulting from endogenous or exogenous triggers (Ghoshal, 2016). Such disorders may be considered primary or secondary. These disorders may present in different ways. From constipation,
Cellular Function How do cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another? Cells communicate by chemical signals. Chemical signals are passed from one cell to another for example saccharomyces cerevisiae, the yeast of bread; wine identifies potential mates by chemical signaling. Direct contact, cell to cell. Through formation of connections or cellular junctions to neighboring cells. By use of receptors whereby signaling molecules bind. Forming groups' i.e. group together in a colony. Communicate using light. Through chemical
After three weeks, crying was decreased in both groups, but the Lactobacillus reuteri infants demonstrated the greater reduction, from a mean of 370 minutes of crying per day at the beginning of the study to 35 minutes at the end. The placebo group's mean crying time went down from a mean of 300 minutes per day to 90 minutes per day. Stool examination also demonstrated a considerable decrease in
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