Game Theory
Why did Apartheid End?
A Solution Developed from the Concept of Game Theory
James Michener was a history professor at the University of Texas and a widely read chronicler of different periods of history. Michener was largely a novelist, but his novels were based on factual information that was peopled by fictional, but representative, main characters and some historical figures. In a book called "The Covenant," Michener detailed the history of the nation of South Africa from prehistoric times up until the late 1970's. In his book, the author spent a great deal of time discussing how the practice of apartheid came about, and why it continued for more than 300 years (culminating in the institutionalization of the practice in 1948 (Lodberg)).
This paper examines why the South African government chose to end the practice of apartheid according to the rules expressed in game theory.
The Game
At the beginning of the course (Lecture 2: Normal Form Games) the concept of game theory was defined, and parameters were set by which a situation could be analyzed using the theory. The first parameter was that there is a set of players who are the decision makers, and they can be countable or uncountable. The second part of the definition is that the game is played using a set of strategies which are the decisions and actions of the players. Finally, there has to be some payoff for the players to play the game.
The chosen game looks complex, but for this short paper it will be highly simplified. The players can be placed in three primary groups: The white ruling government that existed in South Africa; the mixed ethnicity group of natives, coloreds and Asians; and, the international community. The different strategies used by the players were to enact a system whereby the four different groups that existed in the country were segregated into their own communities that lived by separate rules, the non-white ethnicities that protested and disrupted the "harmony" of the...
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