In the United States, policing has been an evolving concept given the desire to strike a balance between keeping law and order and the need to safeguard citizen’s rights granted by the constitution. There are three eras of policing history recognized in the US with the first termed the Political Era, which occurred between 1840 and 1930 (Edwards, 2011). During this period, the role of the police was to offer a range of social services to the community. The police force was organized in a decentralized structure, and there was a close relationship between the police and the community. Moreover, they conducted patrols on foot and bicycles. With the strategy, police officers established and built close relationships with business owners and citizens who lived, worked and played in the neighborhood. Overall, officers were effective in serving the local community and meeting the needs of the political leaders.
This was followed by the Reform Era (1930-1980) (Edwards, 2011). The police institution adopted a crime control model, which led to the centralization of the police departments. Professionalism was enhanced between the police and the public. The officers distanced themselves from the citizens giving an impression that they could not be approached and they did not value the establishment of close relationships with the local businesses and residents in their jurisdictions. Technology had changed policing, and officers patrolled in cars as a way of reducing response times for service calls. Further, the police introduced the 911 emergency systems which reduced the response time (Miller et al. 2011). The primary role of police was to control crime through visible police patrols cars, especially during peak hours.
The Community Era (1980 To-Date) (Edwards, 2011). This era is characterized by a crime control strategy that entails offering community services through collaborating with the local communities to ensure safer neighborhoods. The police structure went back to the decentralized organization and formed special units of community policing officers. They focused on demonstrating that they were approachable and in re-building relationships with the communities through encouraging the citizens to work with the local police officers and departments.
Examining Two Policing Eras
The Political Era (1840-1930).
Strengths
The first strength during this era is that police officers and departments were integrated...
References
Barak, G., Leighton, P., & Flavin, J. (2010). Class, race, gender, and crime: The social realities of justice in America. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield.
Edwards, C. (2011). Changing policing theories for 21st-century societies. Annandale, N.S.W: Federation Press.
Miller, L. S., Hess, K. M., & Orthmann, C. M. H. (2011). Community Policing: Partnerships for problem-solving. Australia: Delmar Cengage Learning.
Palmiotto, M., & Unnithan, N. P. (2011). Policing & society: A global approach. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning.
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