1. Neo-Freudian theories are no more or less valid than Freud’s, just revised versions. Freud helped lay the groundwork for psychoanalysis, and other psychologists have built upon Freud’s substantial body of work to provide new ways of examining, analyzing, and treating clients. While it may be easy to focus solely on the differences between Freud and neo-Freudian theorists like Adler, Horney, and Sullivan, it is equally as important to recognize that these theorists and others built their work on Freud’s foundation. One of the reasons why subsequent theorists refuted some of what Freud originally said was that Freud was fixated on infantile sexuality. While not the only contribution Freud made to theories of the subconscious mind, neo-Freudians recognized that psychoanalysis had potential to be and do much more than just guide clients to the sexual symbolism in their dreams or help clients become aware of their Oedipal urges. Some neo-Freudians like Alfred Adler, differed sharply from Freud primarily due to psycho-sexual development and gender. Adler, like Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, and Harry Stack Sullivan also took a more optimistic approach to psychoanalysis, viewing the individual or client as being capable of change and transformation. As Eagle (2007) also points out, the neo-Freudians broadened their client base as well as widening the scope of treatment...
Harry Stack Sullivan re-situated the role of the therapist as a “participant-observer,” and made the psychoanalytic process more transactional and less concerned with transference issues (Eagle, 2007, p. 12). Horney added a feminist dimension to Freudian theory, showing that contextual, environment, and cultural constraints serve to construct gender and influence gender identity. Penis envy is not inevitable or biologically innate but rather, a learned behavior or a reaction to oppression.References
Eagle, M. N. (2007). Psychoanalysis and its critics. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 24(1), 10–24.
Overskeid, G. (2007). Looking for Skinner and finding Freud. American Psychologist, 62(6), 590–595.
Schultz, W.T. (2009). Why Freud and Jung broke up. Retrieved online: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/genius-and-madness/200905/why-freud-and-jung-broke
Introduction Psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic, transpersonal, and existential (HTE) psychology are the three primary movements in the study of the human experience. Each of these movements uses different research methodologies and epistemologies, and each focuses on different aspects of the human experience. Moreover, each of these movements presents unique therapeutic interventions and goals in the field of psychology. With each having contributed tremendously to the social sciences, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic
Annotated Bibliography Axelrod, S. D. (2012). "Self-awareness: At the interface of executive development and psychoanalytic therapy. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 32(4), 340–357. In “Executive Development and Psychoanalytic Therapy,” Axelrod (2012) focuses on the singular concept of self-awareness, from a psychoanalytic point of view. Self-awareness, or self-knowledge, is a traditional and established goal of the psychoanalytic therapeutic process. Through psychoanalysis, the client gains insight into his or her own psyche, thereby initiating a self-driven change
Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality and the structure of the human mind have been among the most influential in all of the social sciences. Freud had a tremendous influence on his contemporaries like Carl Jung and also Alfred Adler, and also went on to influence the next generation of psychologists, culminating in Neo-Freudian psychology and modern psychoanalysis (Funder, 2016, G-7). Jung, Adler, and others then went on to develop their
Introduction Few 20th century thinkers were as controversial, or as influential, as Sigmund Freud. Freud’s writings, his contributions to the field of psychology, and his therapeutic techniques have been influential not just in psychology, but in all the social sciences. At the same time, many of Freud’s theories and practices proved problematic or in need of revision. Thus, a cadre of important social science researchers the likes of Adler, Fromm, Jung,
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