"
The new constitution left France as a constitutional monarchy, and when war broke out with Austria and prices in the country spiked considerably, the monarchy was abolished and the Jacobins established the National Convention.
Not long after, Louis XVI was sentenced to execution and France declared war on Britain and the Dutch Republic. Riots and food shortages followed, and the Committee of Public Safety was created which ruled by terror.
By June of 1793, a new constitution was passed and Robespierre was put as head of the Committee of Public Safety. Robespierre was a "political and social thinker" that was "prone to substitute Jacobian rhetorical formulae for logical steps."
Terror ensues with the deaths of Girondin leaders, Marie Antoinette, as well as those in favor of monarchy. Robespierre took the idea of revolution further than most French envisioned, claiming France needed a "revolutionary government as a necessary but temporary form of war against the enemies of liberty."
In need of political and social stability, and to end the Reign of Terror, Robespierre was executed. Subsequently, a new constitution was drafted and accepted, although voting rights were restricted to only those with property and the ability to pay indirect taxes.
A new body, the Directory, is created to govern France. On the military front, Napoleon Bonaparte took command of the French Army in Italy, followed by a series of military steps that will lead to his rise and the end of revolution in France. By 1799, Napoleon will return from military operations abroad to stage a coup d'etat, placing himself as First Consul of France. A new constitution declares an end to the Revolution, and so begins the reign of Napoleon.
Brown, G.S. French Revolution: A Chronology. (Accessed February 2, 2011). Available from http://faculty.unlv.edu/gbrown/hist462/resources/chrono.htm.
Dickinson College Chronicles. Chronicles: 1750-1800. (Accessed February 1, 2011). Available
from http://chronicles.edu/timeline/1750_1800.htm.
Doyle, W. Robespierre. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Furet, F. The French Revolution, 1770-1814. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1996.
Gardiner, B.M. The French Revolution: 17885-1795. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1889.
Klemetti, E., et al. Thomas Paine. U.S. History.org. (Accessed February 2, 2011). Available from http://www.ushistory.org/paine/.
Kramer, K. The Classical Era:...
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