Free Will vs. Determinism
Making a false report in order to secure insurance benefits constitutes insurance fraud. Proponents of rational choice theory suggest that people who commit insurance fraud make the conscious decision to violate the terms of their insurance contract.
Even a person in difficult circumstances can find alternative ways to meet their needs. However, determinists believe that the social environment contributes to the commission of such a crime. In the absence of a universal healthcare system, for example, a person may be tempted to commit fraud in order to secure needed medical treatment.
Similarly, rational choice theorists would condemn a shoplifter for deciding to steal. Determinist theorists might take a closer look at the circumstances. The mother of a baby who shoplifts infant formula might get some consideration from determinist theorists, as opposed to a person who shoplifts designer jeans.
Rational choice theorists might similarly condemn a woman who engages in prostitution, stating that there are many other legal ways to make a living. However, a determinist theorist could argue that given the wage inequity between the genders, women who turn to prostitution may do so due to the lack of professions that pay good wages for female employees.
Drug use is another issue that generates much debate. Rational choice theorists often follow the "Just say no" route, and that drug addicts should be penalized for violating the law. Determinists, on the other hand, point out that laws vary by society, and that the laws prohibiting marijuana use only reflect the values of a select elite.
Rational choice theorists may also condemn people who commit euthanasia, whether or not the act was committed with a patient's consent. However, determinists would look more into the situation. Was the patient terminally ill and in pain? Was there consent? These questions will help a determinist in evaluating whether or not a crime has occurred.
