Q3: Define free will and determinism. Discuss how free will and determinism are relevant to the following theories:
Free will may be defined as the ability to make decisions independent of social, biological, and cognitive shaping mechanisms; determinism is the idea one is subject to such forces at cannot fundamentally alter one's future trajectory in a meaningful manner.
Freud's psychoanalytic theory
Freud took a highly deterministic view of how the human psyche was constructed. He viewed such complexes as the Oedipus Complex and the Electra Complex as part of universal human development patterns. A girl would inevitably suffer penis envy, even if she was raised by a feminist mother and father in a socially empowering environment. She could not choose to ignore negative internal forces that were hard-wired into her psyche. Similarly, boys all over the world were determined to wish to murder their father and marry their mother. The subconscious and conscious mind was universally present. The similarity of developmental patterns suggested that human beings were determined rather than free in terms of how they related to others and the freedom they could enjoy as autonomous beings, outside of culture. For Freud, the interior psyche and culture was one's fate. Although secular, Freud had a very fatalistic approach. Freud's theory is socially and cognitively, rather than biologically deterministic.
Skinner's theory of operant conditioning
Roger's humanistic approach
Roger's theory is predicated upon a belief in human choice. Rogerian therapy is non-directive in its approach. Its focus is upon enabling the individual to maximize self-actualization and establish a sense of control and autonomy over his or her life processes. Unlike Freud and Skinner, Rogers is not interested in creating a theory that proves freedom of the will or determinism in a macro fashion. Rather, he believed that giving individuals a sense of choice was psychologically beneficial. By not guiding the individual, as is the case in a psychoanalytic approach, Rogerian therapists enable clients to make their own discoveries. Only if a person believes in choice and his or her own freedom is a sense of self-actualization and a positive approach to life realized.
The level of industrialization of the SEA countries also varies largely but this can be attributed to the difference in the size of the domestic market of each country or region and their overall level of development on the economic front. Singapore and Indonesia have benefitted largely from the creation of the ASEAN since these countries are the larger of the SEA countries. Malaysia has also benefitted as a
Free Will Commentary: Soft Determinism and Hard Determinism and the Application of Morality Free Will & Hard Determinism Free will is a concept that holds that all individuals are free to make their own choices about their lives including their own health care, career pursuit, religious and moral choices. Within the realm of the discussion on free will is a concept known as hard determinism, which holds that if an action is
Lesson Plan Amp; Reflection I didn't know what state you are in so was unable to do state/district standards! Lesson Plan Age/Grade Range; Developmental Level(s): 7-8/2nd Grade; Below grade level Anticipated Lesson Duration: 45 Minutes Lesson Foundations Pre-assessment (including cognitive and noncognitive measures): All students are reading below grade level (5-7 months) as measured by standardized assessments and teacher observation Curricular Focus, Theme, or Subject Area: Reading: Fluency, word recognition, and comprehension State/District Standards: Learning Objectives: Students will develop
Branding in Service Markets Amp Aim And Objectives Themes for AMP Characteristics Composing Branding Concept Branding Evolution S-D Logic and Service Markets Branding Challenges in Service Markets Considerations for Effective Service Branding Categories and Themes Branding Theory Evolution S-D Logic and Service Markets Branding Challenges in Service Markets Considerations for Effective Service Branding Branding Concept Characteristics Characteristics Composing Branding Concept Sampling of Studies Reviewed Evolution of Branding Theory Evolution of Marketing Service-Brand-Relationship-Value Triangle Brand Identity, Position & Image Just as marketing increasingly influences most aspects of the consumer's lives, brands
Determinism and Sliding Doors Determinism is an integral theme in Director Peter Howitt's movie, Sliding Doors. In Sliding Doors, a small, seemingly insignificant act makes profound changes in the life of the lead character, Helen. Nonetheless, as the movie progresses, it becomes clear that some fundamental aspects of Helen's life, told in parallel stories, remain the same, suggesting some role for determinism. Determinism is a school of philosophical thought that argues that
Determinism FREEDOM OF THE WILL AND DETERMINISM Contra: Chapter 39. Baron D'Holbach: "We Are Completely Determined" Pro: Chapter 40. "Corliss Lamont: Freedom of the Will and Human Responsibility" (334-337) The nature of the freedom of the human will remains one of the most debated questions between philosophers. The durability of the debate is evidenced in the introductory philosophy anthology The Quest for Truth, when the Enlightenment era defender of determinism, Baron D'Holbach is pitted
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