Foreign Language Learning Strategies
This is a paper that outlines the strategies that can be used in the classroom by learners in learning foreign language. It has 6 sources.
Implementation of a foreign language learning strategy may be employed by students independently, and these strategies need to be ones that focus on principles such as motivation, gender, age group, etc., in order to have the effect intended.
Learning a second language is an interesting practice for those who are keen and interested in it. Those who indulge in language learning when they do not really need to often find it easier to do so, and this is because of the fact that they are not pressurized to get things right. They may find the process of error and correction more fun than those who feel compelled to learn a language. This is true for most foreign students who settle in another country and have no other option but to learn the language of that land. Also, students in a country may want to learn a language even when they already have mastered one language. For example, students in the United States may want to develop proficiency in French or Spanish.
In order to overcome the anxiety and difficulty of learning a foreign language teachers and students both may employ strategies that could polish one's language foreign skills.
Students may apply some strategies on their own if they wish to ameliorate their foreign language skills. Some of the strategies that they might implement are the participation point system (PPS), lesson fillers, strategy of vocabulary through prefixes, roots and suffix exercises, picture-word exercises, etc. Though each of these is used in the classroom students to improve their foreign language skills may also implement them independently (The Internet TESL Journal, 2003).
Analysis: While applying strategies for studying foreign language it is also important to keep in mind the following factors that influence what strategies one would apply.
Motivation: In the case of importance of studying a language it has been seen that more motivated students tended to use more strategies than less motivated students. The apparent reason for this is that importance of studying a language creates motivation. An example of this is the importance for learning a language that would aid in a particular career.
Gender: Females usually use more strategies than males, though it has been found that males tend to use more of a particular strategy than females.
Cultural background: The strategy of memorization has been found more prevalent among some Asian students. In contrast to this, students from other cultures did not apply this strategy prevalently.
Attitudes and beliefs: These were said to have a deeper influence on the strategies learners choose, with negative attitudes and beliefs often-resulting inefficient strategy implementation or lack of organization of strategies.
Type of task: With most students it appears that the nature of a task determines which strategy they would employ.
Age and l2 stage: Students of different ages use various strategies to pick up a foreign language, and some of these strategies being implemented older and more advanced students.
Tolerance of ambiguity: Students normal cope with ambiguity and learn to implement different strategies. They learn to select and settle in with the most appropriate strategy (The Internet TESL Journal, 2003).
Few principles that have been suggested for learning a language are is follows:
Strategy training for learning a second language should be based clearly on students' attitudes, beliefs, and stated needs.
Strategies should be chosen so that they mesh with and support each other and so that they fit the requirements of the language task, the learners' goals, and the learners' style of learning.
Training should, if possible, be integrated into regular second language activities over a long period of time rather than taught as a separate, short intervention.
Students should have plenty of opportunities for strategy training during language classes.
Strategy training should include explanations, handouts, activities, brainstorming, and materials for reference and home study.
Affective issues such as anxiety, motivation, beliefs, and interests -- all of which influence strategy choice -- should be directly addressed by second language strategy training.
Strategy training should be explicit, overt, and relevant and should provide plenty of practice with varied second language tasks involving authentic materials.
Strategy training should not be solely tied to the class at hand; it should provide strategies that are transferable to future language tasks beyond a given class.
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