¶ … floating exchange rates reflect current events and future expectations; there are many reasons for such continual fluctuations. A brief examination of current events in Europe and the United States illustrates how quickly exchange rates change and what propels them to do so. The article "Euro Falls to 2-Year Low Against Dollar"(Waki, 2005), which appeared in The Moscow Times, succinctly describes the latest exchange rates of the euro and the dollar and the main reasons for these developments.
As of the early hours of November 10, 2005, the euro fell a quarter percent, currently holding at 1.1750 dollars (Waki, 2005). This is another drop in a series of recent falls; for example, it traded at $1.793 on November 7, 2005 and at $1.787 on November 8, 2005 (Read, 2005). This is an interesting situation as the euro had previously and steadily been appreciating. Naturally, a falling euro signals a stronger U.S. dollar. In fact, on November 8, 2005, 'the dollar rose to its highest level against the euro in nearly two years' (Read, 2005, 1). Some speculate that it may continue to rise depending on political, social, and monetary situations in euro-zone countries.
The value of a nation's currency is greatly determined by its political stability and policies. In the presence of political uncertainty, a country's currency is likely to depreciate. This phenomenon reflects common sense: one is naturally hesitant to invest in or conduct business with a nation whose political future is unknown. Simply put, in such situations the risks are too great and the vulnerabilities...
Model Development The purpose of this study is to determine the macroeconomic factors that contribute to changes in inflation such as economic fundamentals and policies. The second part of the research uses a Markov switching model with time-varying transition probabilities to capture the changes in inflation and their determining factors. This model was developed through the evolution of several previous studies and is considered to be relevant to the research at
4 trillion to about $5 trillion dollars at the end of 2008 to support a rise in U.S. net external debt from $3.3 trillion to $7.4 trillion. (Ibid. 6) Continued financing of the U.S. trade deficits by the rest of the world is also not without its long-term problems: the U.S. would accumulate so much debt over time that the ultimate cost of adjustment would become too high for the
Korean Financial Crisis in the Late 1990s: Lesson for Current Euro Area The objective of this study is to examine what is unique or different about the Korean financial crisis as compared to other Asian financial crises and to determine the primary causes of the financial crisis in Korea. This work will further examine the government response to the crisis and what it is that can be learned from the Korean
Currency Markets The currency exchange market is an inter-bank or inter-dealer market that was established in 1971 when floating exchange rates began to materialize. Trading is not centralized, as is the case with many stock markets (i.e. NYSE, ASE, CME) or as the case for currency futures and currency options, which trade on special exchanges. Dealers often "advertise" exchange rates using a distribution network, then use the information "agree" to a
In addition the continued decline of the fiscal account will affect both debt sustainability and external balances ("Monetary Policy Decision"). As it pertains to medium term fiscal sustainability which must be present to achieve necessary overall macroeconomic stability, the tax-GDP ratio must be increased ("Monetary Policy Decision"). Additionally government expenditures must decrease ("Monetary Policy Decision"). The article also reports that the revenue deficit, which represents the difference between total revenues
Under the arrangement, moreover, a country with efficient production and a favored competitive position (including as enhanced by new capital goods) is rewarded with rising income and reduced unemployment. No grand scheme of state or international planning and direct control is required. Exchange rates are for the most part fixed under the classical gold-flows mechanisms (say, $/£ const. within fixed limits), as stated, and adjustments to trade imbalances
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