The five victim typologies are: primary victimization, secondary victimization, tertiary victimization, mutual victimization, and no victimization. Primary victimization is defined as victimization that is personal—i.e., the individual is the victim of a crime. A common example of primary victimization would be a targeted attack (such as an assault on the individual, with a motive being hatred or revenge); the individual is physically assaulted. Secondary victimization is when an individual is indirectly victimized (Meadows, 2007). An example of this would be if a person’s loved one is murdered: the murdered person is the primary victim and the loved one is the secondary victim. Tertiary victimization would be crimes against society as a whole: crimes that are felt by the whole of the community. An example of this might be when a government unjustly spies on its citizens. Mutual victimization occurs when the criminal is retaliated against. In this case, the criminal has a victim and then becomes a victim later as well. No victimization occurs in the case of victimless crimes, such as prostitution in which sex between consenting adults is paid for: there is no victim, but in many states this exchange is considered a crime. The difference between criminology and victimology is that criminology is the study of crime and the criminal’s role in criminal activity while victimology is the study of the victim and the victim’s role in crime (Siegel, 2008). Criminology...
Victimology focuses on how victims experience crime, how they respond, and how their response plays a role in the spread or control of crime.References
Meadows, R.J. (2007) Understanding violence and victimization, 4th ed. Upper Saddle, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Moniuszko, S. & Kelly, C. (2017). Harvey Weinstein scandal: A complete list of the 84 accusers. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/10/27/weinstein-scandal-complete-list-accusers/804663001/
Siegel, L. J. (2008). Criminology: The Core, 3rd Ed. Belmont, CA: Cengage.
The knowledge of the evolution and starting point of the field of Victimology is of utmost worth. Three different ancient epochs describing the Victims' position inside methods of justice were reviewed by some foremost Researchers including Moriarty and Jerin. The Epochs are the Golden Age, the Reemergence of the Victim and the Dark Age. There is a proposition that the Golden Age has been before the time when laws were
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