Financial Statements
All publicly-traded firms are required to produce financial statements. These statements are produced according to standardized guidelines, and their production is an essential component to the efficient function of modern capital markets in the west. This paper will discuss the nature of financial accounting statements, and will provide insight into how these statements provide a benefit to different stakeholder groups, both internal and external.
The production of consistent, reliable financial statements is essential to the function of modern capital markets. Financial accounting statements, which are constructed according to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, are designed to meet the needs of multiple stakeholders, both internal and external, including regulators, investors, managers, competitors and creditors. There are four major types of financial accounting statements -- the income statement, the balance sheet, the cash flow statement and the statement of changes in owner's equity (SEC.gov, n.d.).
The income statement tracks the accounting income earned by the company. Accounting income is defined according to its own set of rules, governed by the GAAP and by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The underlying principle of the income statement is that the items measured reflect the nature of the business. For example, capital investments are depreciated over a number of years, reflecting the useful life of the asset. This provides stakeholders with a more accurate picture of the health of the business in a given year.
The balance sheet measures the firm's assets, liabilities and owner's equity. The assets must balance with the combined liabilities and equity. This illustrates the firm's capital structure, which reflects the degree to which the owners of the firm are entitled to the...
Working capital reduction is not always a bad thing -- tightening receivables and inventory turns is often considered to be good financial policy. In the case of Unilever, it is important to synthesize the two statements. We can see, for example, that "unusual expense" is the category most responsible for the change in working capital. At this point, it would be advisable to delve deeper into the comments in the
Using these different techniques reveals different information about the company. So for example we know that Tesco earned £67.6 billion in revenue last year, and that this is an increase of 8.1% over the previous year. This is the top line number; we can see that the bottom line number is £3.8 billion, an increase of 11.7% from the year before. This basic analysis reveals that the company has
Accounting The role of financial statements in investing is that they provide a consistent format that can be used by potential investors and other stakeholders to evaluate a company. There are several components that facilitate this happening. For publicly-traded firms, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) play a key role in the creation of financial statements. GAAP is a common set of accounting principles and procedures that companies use to compile their
HP: Financial Statement Analysis There are many approaches one could use to analyze the health, stability as well as financial performance of a business entity. One such approach involves a thorough review of the financial statements of the concerned entity. Regarded the leading personal computers manufacturer in the world, Hewlett-Packard - HP amongst other things concerns itself with the manufacture as well as development of both computer hardware and software. In
The reduction in liabilities represents a move to reduce financial leverage in a period of tightening credit and risk profiles. The cash build-up too is an assertive move to combat liquidity concerns and build structural soundness to the balance sheet. AMD management implicitly understood that their internal financial condition was threatening to unravel the company with stagnant revenues and bloated expenses. As such the repositioning of AMD to take
Internal Decision-Making Despite the highly purposeful construction of the annual report, however, there are no inaccuracies or deliberate attempts to mislead investors immediately apparent in AMD's assessment of its financial situation, and indeed the annual report provides an excellent roadmap for the company's decision-making process during the year. Its divestment of certain operations was a direct response to the reduced capital -- through heightened repayment obligations and the loss in sales
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