However, Madison believed that a republican form of government could control for the impact of factions on the political process. Madison believed that a republican form of government had several advantages over a straight democracy. First, under a democracy, there is no delegation of power to elected officials, which would make it unduly cumbersome to govern a country as large as America. Second, Madison believed that by entrusting the government to a small group of elected officials, one might be able to avoid the clashing and fighting that marked the existing political debate. However, Madison was not na ve; he recognized that a republican form of government was ripe for abuse if the elected offices were held by factious persons. To remedy that problem, Madison suggested that the number of elected officials be sufficiently large, "in order to guard against the cabals of a few; and that, however large it may be, they must be limited to a certain number, in order to guard against the confusion of a multitude." (Madison).

America's immense size also called for something other than a pure democracy, which was not dictated by practicality. Madison recognized that people in local areas were more likely to have closely aligned interests than people in disparate geographies. Therefore, a large territory demanded a republican form of government because a large territory was more likely to have factious groups. However, though a large territory was more likely to have factious...

"Hence, it clearly appears, that the same advantage which a republic has over a democracy, in controlling the effects of faction, is enjoyed by a large over a small republic, -- is enjoyed by the Union over the States composing it." (Madison).
Finally, it is important to keep in mind that Madison was proposing a republican form of government, which was also a federal form of government. Madison's republic relied upon the interplay between individual states and the national government. Citizens were to exercise the most control over their own small republics, the states, which would respect the individual right to political freedom. However, the federal government's job was to protect the rights of all citizens, regardless of their state of residence. Madison believed that, "The influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States, but will be unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States." (Madison). Therefore, the two-tiered system of republican government would be best suited at protecting individual rights and controlling for the influence of factions.

Works Cited

Madison, James. "The Federalist Papers: No. 10." The Avalon Project at Yale University.

November 23, 1787. Yale University. 22 Oct. 2007 http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/federal/fed10.htm.