It is the climax and turning point in the novel because he is making his decision about whether to continue in the miserable war, or to stay with his lovely woman Catherine. Frederick shoots the Italian sergeant because the sergeant had deserted his unit, but ironically Frederick has made his climactic decision and he deserts as well. Clearly Frederick has become totally disheartened by the madness of this war; bravery on the battlefield can't possibly match the warm glow of his love for Catherine.
Readers experience the falling action in any novel after the climax has been reached. In the Hemingway novel, Frederick and Catherine have a lovely time in the Italian town of Stresa; this is in effect his reward for making the decision he did in the climax. He fishes, he has quality time with Catherine, and the relationship is a delight even though Frederick knows he could be executed for desertion of he is located. The resolution in A Farewell to Arms comes in a tragic way as Catherine and her baby are dead. This is not a happy ending, and while resolution means the denouement (how it ends), it doesn't mean the ending has to be pleasant. After all, war isn't pleasant and Hemingway wasn't about to paint a rosy picture of two lovers stealing off for a wonderful life together after his depiction of the gross, horrific and bloody realities of WWI. In this case, the tragic resolution of the story is not just the death of Catherine and her baby (the symbol of the future), but the loss of love, the end of love, is the tragic resolution.
Outline
ONE: Exposition
a) the reader is introduced...
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