Gangs and Schools
Two significant risk factors for adolescent gang involvement include family dysfunction and community disorganization (Hill et al., 2017). Family dysfunction can take many forms: it can appear as a lack of parental supervision, or poor or strained family relationships, or a history of familial criminal behavior. Any of these forms can push adolescents towards seeking belonging, acceptance, stability or identity in gangs. Community disorganization tends to be characterized by poverty, high crime rates, and a lack of communal institutions, It creates an environment where gangs can flourish and appear as viable social groups to vulnerable youths (Hill et al., 2017).
On the other hand, two crucial protective factors are strong family bonds and involvement in pro-social activities. A supportive family environment with effective communication, emotional support, and active engagement in a child's life can significantly reduce the allure of gangs. Involvement in pro-social activities, such as sports, arts, or community service, provides positive outlets for energy and ambition, social connections outside of the gang environment, and a sense of achievement and belonging (Hill et al., 2017).
Gang-related behavior in schools can have a profound influence on other students. It can create an atmosphere of fear and violence that disrupts the educational environment and makes it difficult for students to focus on learning. Exposure to gang-related activities can also normalize such behaviors among impressionable youths, which can lead to an increase in gang recruitment within schools. It can also lead to increased bullying, drug use, and other delinquent behaviors, all of which negatively impact the school culture and the well-being of all students. To best address these issues there may be a need for family, school, and community interventions, that focus on prevention and intervention strategies.
References
Hill, K. G., Howell, J. C., Hawkins, J. D., & Battin-Pearson, S. R. (2017). Childhood risk factors
for adolescent gang membership: Results from the Seattle Social Development Project. InGangs(pp. 489-511). Routledge.
