Faith as a Basis of Knowledge in Religion and Natural Science
The relationship between faith / religion and science has through history stirred a debate that has taken on philosophical, scientific and theological aspects. Are the two compatible? Are they at totally opposite ends of the spectrum of life and the universe? This paper analyses the strengths and weaknesses of faith as a basis of knowledge in religion and natural science.
The Literature on Faith as a Basis of Knowledge in Religion and Science
The Harvard University publication The Friend (circa, 1871) posed some pertinent issues for readers regarding faith and science, issues that are just as relevant today as they were 141 years ago. For example, author William Evans, a minister with the Society of Friends (Quakers), explains that in the 1870s scientists were questioning the value of religious belief, and "…aiming to modify the theology and character" of the Christian church (Evans, 1870, p. 95). These questions "awakened…a tone of doubt and disbelief" that has produced "wide-spread unsettlement and uneasiness respecting religious belief," Evans writes. This resulted in a "…feverish spasm running through" Christian denominations, and causing church members to "break loose" from their faith (Evans, 95).
One kind of faith is based on "the reception of a truth demonstrated…by the correct reasoning of another" (i.e., science); a second faith is "…exercised in relation to spiritual and divine things… which…are beyond the sphere of the elements which the powers of reason are able to investigate" (Evans, 95). Hence the second faith must be based on the "accepted infallibility of the source producing it," which in Christianity, is the Word of God. This could be considered a weakness of faith, since knowledge is based on supernatural truths.
In the Methodist Quarterly Review (MQR) (1875) the author explained that science and faith are "…arrayed against each other…and are feeling for each other's throats." Science on the one hand "…demands that belief shall accept nothing but positive knowledge as a foundation upon which reason may build its structure." Religion, "…on the contrary, is based neither upon self-evident truth nor demonstration," the MQR states. Indeed, religion...
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