Verified Document

Facts And Theories Research Proposal

¶ … Theories Two attribution theories applied to marketing include the correspondent inference theory and self-perception theory. The first applies causal attribution to determine the nature of a customer's behavior based on behavioral cues. The cues are derived from a single behavior in a particular situation. Therefore, information on its generalizability can be inferred from the behavior (Wang, 2008). Self-perception theory operates on the premise that behavioral cues emerge from both the observer and the person being observed. Two sets of causal attribution are therefore possible and can be synthesized on the basis of both sets of observations.

Other theories include the brand personality dimensions framework, which operates to compare measured brand personalities, and the hierarchy of effects models, which help marketers to determine the effect of specific advertising techniques on consumers (Marketing Journal, 2005).

Both propositions and hypotheses are statements; the content of these statements, however, differ significantly. A proposition, for example states relationships among concepts. A proposition would explain a logical link between concepts by making a statement regarding a universal connection. This connection is far too general to test empirically. An example might be the link between being friendly in a classroom and loyal, happy students. This is, however, not testable by means of empirical testing (Zikmund et al., 2013).

Hypotheses, on the other hand, make far more specific statements in a formal...

In other words, it is a type of "guess" about a probable result. In a teaching situation, this might relate to a specific teaching method that results in better reading test results than other teaching methods (Rao, 2012).
3. Concepts provide a generalized idea about a class of things. These things can be any object, attribute, event, or process that has been given a name. These concepts are highly abstract, offering names for abstract ideas within any subject field. Being abstract, no specific numerical values are attached to these concepts. In organizational theory, for example, leadership and morale are concepts. These do not have specific numeric values attached to them. Even in finance, specific, empirical values are not implied in concepts such as inflation or gross national product.

This is where the basic difference between "concept" and "variable" comes in. A variable is something that can take different numerical values. It is related to a concept in that it is its empirical assessment. Once differentiating numbers are therefore applied to concepts, they become variables.

4. The expression "there is nothing so practical as a good theory" concerns the interaction of theories with the practical observations they emerge from and explain. When creating a theory in marketing, for example, this theory is used as a basis for practical action. A good theory, in this way, supports effective actions for years and even decades. Hence, no good theory can, in truth be described as purely…

Sources used in this document:
References

Live Science (2012, Jul. 10). Deductive Reasoning vs. Inductive Reasoning. Retrieved from: http://www.livescience.com/21569-deduction-vs.-induction.html

Marketing Journal (2005). 13 Useful Marketing Theories. Retrieved from: http://www.marketingjournalblog.com/2005/11/13-useful-marketing-theories.html

Rao, N. (2012, Nov 2). What is the difference between preposition and hypothesis? Retrieved from: http://phd-research-methodology.blogspot.com/2012/11/what-is-difference-between-proposition.html

Wang, Y.J. (2008, May). The application of attribution theories in marketing research: a critique. Review of Business Research, 8(3). Retrieved from: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/Review-Business-Research/190699889.html
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Training Transfer and Human Resources Theory
Words: 646 Length: 2 Document Type: Essay

Theory-based information can help organizations to ascertain the most appropriate training and development programs for their employees. In fact, theory-based information helps human resources managers to structure training and development for specific groups of people. The most relevant theories include those that are related to learning, and those that are related to social relations and identity construction. Learning theories can be based on basic behaviorism, including patterns of reward and punishment

Theory Borrowing in Communication and
Words: 1838 Length: 5 Document Type: Research Paper

Feminist theory can get very political and insistent, but that can and should be tempered by a realistic understanding of what can be accomplished when people all agree to work together in order to see a positive change in the way people are treated. When people become focused on the race or gender of a person, or they become too focused on the words used without clarifying the intent of

Theory X And Theory Y Select Organizational
Words: 1763 Length: 5 Document Type: Essay

Theory X and Theory Y Select organizational leaders analysis activity current research. Critique leader Douglas MacGregor's Theory X Theory Y Identify proper category leader assessment. Include examples situations actions reflect type leader . Theory X versus Theory Y: Apple vs. Google According to Douglas McGregor' analysis of managerial personality styles, managers fall into two basic 'types,' that of Theory X or Theory Y Theory X managers tend to exert authority through a traditional

Theory Free Market Fairness for the Free
Words: 2230 Length: 6 Document Type: Essay

Theory Free Market Fairness for the Free New World When choosing between theories of distributive justice, Rawls' "Justice as Fairness" and Tomasi's "Free Market Fairness," Tomasi's theory best expresses the democratic ideal of society as a system of social cooperation between free and equal persons. In the 21st century global economic landscape, a very popular and profitable trend is "going green." Going green includes making improvements to operations of organizations that promote

Theory Development Nature and Use of Theory
Words: 2528 Length: 8 Document Type: Essay

Theory Development Nature and Use of Theory in Academic Research Corley and Gioia (2001) call theory the, "currency of our scholarly realm" (p. 12). The authors further explain that theoretical contribution is a requirement for a manuscript to be considered for publication. It appears that all scholarly writing hinges on the theoretical worthiness of the material. Corley and Gioia defined theory as a statement of concepts and their interrelationships that together, demonstrate

Theory Building There Are Many
Words: 1031 Length: 3 Document Type: Term Paper

I would agree with this statement, since theory and practice, when applied to each other appropriately, inform each other and cannot in fact be separated into two distinct entities. It is vitally important to use theory for informing practice, while practice would further inform theory, making the statement that a good theory is, in fact, practically true. 5. Benedict Spinoza, a post-Cartesian philosopher in the 17th century, held ideas of which many

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now