Until recently, schools had steered away from those types of teachings and focused primarily on standardized testing and basic skills. While these things are still a major part of modern education, they now tend to be supplemented by character education as well (Prestwich, 2004).
The modern juvenile court system has headed in a more caring and facilitative in modern times as well. Not only are juveniles afforded more rights since the Kent and Gault cases discussed above, but they are constantly being tested for improved rehabilitation structures such as boot camps, work release programs and a variety of alternative sentencing methods.
It is interesting that as both our educational system and our juvenile justice system are becoming more interested in 'fixing' the emotional problems that accompany youth development, there has not really been any marked improvement in delinquent behavior. Then again, the retributive approach was not very successful at producing model citizens either. Essentially, while both the penal and the educational systems have evolved dramatically in terms of structure and practice over the last couple of centuries,...
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Hopson, R.K. & Obidah, J.E. (2002) When getting tough means getting tougher: Historical and conceptual understandings of juveniles of color sentenced as adults in the United States. Journal of Negro Education, 71(3), 158- 174.
Oestreicher, Jr., S.E. (2001) Toward fundamental fairness in the Kangaroo Courtroom: The due process case against statutes presumptively closing juvenile proceedings. Vanderbilt Law Review. 54(4),1751-1804.
Prestwich, D.L. (2004) Character education in America's Schools. Journal of Teacher Education, 47(2),139-146
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Vannella, D.M. (2006) Let the jury do the waive: How Appendi v. New Jersey applies to juvenile transfer…
