Likewise, managers and supervisors in vocational situations vary in their ability to handle relationships with subordinates appropriately. Furthermore, any significant change in, and (especially) reversal of the power differential may present more challenges, particularly in conjunction with any concurrent issues such as a prior history of abuse of power earlier in the relationship, such as before the change or reversal (Wallace, 2005).
Family Stress Theory
Even under the best of circumstances, providing for the fulltime needs of a mentally incompetent and physically dependent elder patient can be tremendously stressful (Wallace, 2005). Caretakers in this situation frequently experience difficulty maintaining an appropriate demeanor in some situations or simply as a result of the prolonged stresses associated with being responsible for elder patients. Mentally impaired patients can be uncooperative and difficult and test the patience of caretakers (Wallace, 2005). This particular caretaker is hardly an ideal candidate to cope with those stressors in an appropriate manner.
Furthermore, it is highly likely that there is a prior family history of underlying emotional conflict arising substantially in connection with the caretaker's long-term inability to maintain gainful employment and dependency on the subject. In such situations, that prior emotional dynamic and stressors within the historical relationship between the individuals may be a significant source of stress within the caretaker-dependent relationship. Moreover, that element of family stress typically occurs concurrent with issues related to social exchange dynamics (Wallace, 2005).
Neutralization Theory
Most criminals in general (Halbert & Ingulli, 2008) and elder abusers in particular must maintain sufficient rationalizations to excuse their behavior and justify non-compliance with ordinary moral and legal obligations (Wallace, 2005). In this case, the caretaker may rationalize that the...
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